Publications by authors named "Rod Taylor"
Background: Identifying clusters of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, and their associated burden may facilitate the development of effective and cost-effective targeted healthcare strategies. This study aimed to identify clusters of MLTCs and their associations with long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in two UK population-based cohorts.
Methods: Age-stratified clusters of MLTCs were identified at baseline in UK Biobank (n = 502,363, 54.
Background: Approximately 30% of patients with atrial fibrillation suffer from depression. Depression in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with poor health outcomes, reduced health-related quality of life, and elevated societal costs. Preventing depression in this population may therefore lead to better health outcomes for the individual patient and reduced burden on society.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile digital cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective alternative to center-based CR, its components and mechanisms of change remain poorly understood. The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) provides a framework that allows the effects of individual components of complex interventions to be studied. There is limited guidance within MOST on how to develop a conceptual model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement has improved the quality of reporting of randomised trial protocols. Extensions to the SPIRIT statement are needed to address specific issues of trial protocol reporting, including those relevant to particular types of interventions. Methodological and reporting deficiencies in protocols of clinical trials of implantable neurostimulation devices are common.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement has improved the quality of reporting of randomised trials. Extensions to the CONSORT statement are often needed to address specific issues of trial reporting, including those relevant to particular types of interventions. Methodological and reporting deficiencies in clinical trials of implantable neurostimulation devices are common.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Physical rehabilitation may improve health and wellbeing outcomes for some adults living with long COVID. However, individuals living with pre-existing multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and long COVID may have additional rehabilitation challenges. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence describing physical rehabilitation interventions for adults living with long COVID, to systematically map the reporting of pre-existing MLTCs, and to describe the characteristics of physical rehabilitation interventions used in adults with both pre-existing long-term conditions (LTCs) and long COVID.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Frailty is of increasing interest in trials, either as a target of intervention, as an outcome or as a potential treatment modifier. However, frailty measurement is often highly variable. This scoping review assessed how frailty is quantified in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), in what context and for what purposes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Chronic pain is a personal experience influenced by multiple biopsychosocial factors. Using a pain intensity measure alone to assess the effectiveness of a chronic pain intervention fails to fully evaluate its impact on the multifaceted chronic pain experience. The holistic minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is a composite outcome developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of chronic pain in response to intervention, across 5 outcome domains: pain intensity, health-related quality of life, sleep quality, physical, and emotional function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The SENZA-PDN study looked at a special treatment called 10-kHz spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to help people with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).
- After 24 months, those who received this treatment felt a lot less pain and improved their quality of life.
- Most participants were really happy with the treatment, making it clear that 10-kHz SCS is a helpful option for managing PDN.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers wanted to find better ways to help young people avoid mental health problems, especially depression.
- They tested three different apps: one that helps build emotional skills, one based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and one for keeping track of feelings.
- The study included 1,262 young people from several countries, and they checked how the apps helped reduce depression symptoms after three months.
Emotional competence self-help mobile phone app versus cognitive behavioural self-help app versus self-monitoring app to promote mental wellbeing in healthy young adults (ECoWeB PROMOTE): an international, multicentre, parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial.
Lancet Digit Health
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effectiveness of three different self-help apps aimed at improving mental wellbeing among young people, specifically comparing a personalised emotional competence app, a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) app, and a self-monitoring app.
- Conducted as a randomised controlled trial across four countries, the research involved 2532 young participants aged 16-22 without major depression, who were monitored for 12 months to assess changes in mental wellbeing.
- The primary measurement for evaluating success was the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well Being Scale (WEMWBS) at a 3-month follow-up, ensuring that the outcomes were objectively assessed by unaware evaluators.
Article Synopsis
- Major advancements in medical and surgical treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the past century have led to improved survival rates and shorter hospital stays, increasing the need for ongoing cardiovascular risk management.
- Despite these advancements, post-discharge care often relies on outdated rehabilitation models that don't adequately address the long-term needs of survivors living with CVD.
- The paper advocates for reframing cardiac rehabilitation into a broader concept of supporting cardiovascular health through the "5 P's": personalization, processes, patient-centered care, parlance, and partnership, to better engage survivors and improve their outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Randomized trials show intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA) is more effective than sham and standard care for improving pain and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients.
- * The study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of BVNA compared to standard treatment for vertebrogenic chronic low back pain.
- * Results indicate that BVNA is cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$11,376 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over five years, suggesting over 99% probability of being cost-effective at a $100,000 willingness-to-pay threshold.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart condition causing irregular heartbeats, which increases risks for strokes and heart failure, and can negatively affect quality of life.
- The study aims to evaluate the benefits and potential drawbacks of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ExCR) compared to non-exercise methods for individuals with AF or those who have received treatment for it.
- Researchers conducted a thorough search for randomized clinical trials assessing ExCR interventions, ensuring include participants over 18 with any subtype of AF, and analyzed data to determine the effectiveness and reliability of the evidence gathered.
Aim: Depression and anxiety occur frequently in individuals with cardiovascular disease and are associated with poor prognosis. This Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of psychological interventions on psychological and clinical outcomes in adults with coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods And Result: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched from January 2009 to July 2022 for randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions versus controls in adults with CHD, HF or AF.
Article Synopsis
- This study focused on the appropriate sample size needed for multistakeholder Delphi surveys, particularly looking at how sample size impacts the replicability of results and examining variations based on participant characteristics such as gender, age, and profession.
- Data from three significant Delphi surveys were analyzed to develop better guidelines for reporting healthcare intervention trials, revealing that an average sample size of 60 yielded a replicability rate of 81%.
- Results indicated that increasing the sample size from 80 to 160 participants improved replicability by 3% while lowering variability, with different subgroup analyses highlighting that a sample size of 20 to 30 provided moderate replicability.
Article Synopsis
- - This study seeks to better classify individuals with multiple long-term health conditions (MLTCs) by identifying specific clusters of these conditions across various age groups and their links to negative health outcomes and healthcare utilization.
- - Researchers employed latent class analysis on data from large cohorts, including over 1.8 million individuals, to determine how different MLTC clusters impact mortality, hospital hospitalizations, and general practitioner usage over ten years.
- - Findings indicated that certain MLTC clusters, particularly those involving cardiometabolic and pain/mental health issues, showed strong associations with higher risks of mortality and healthcare use, particularly in younger and middle-aged individuals, while data from the UKHLS group did not reveal significant risks.
Article Synopsis
- * A total of 42 systematic reviews and 3 additional randomized controlled trials were analyzed, involving nearly 937,000 individuals across 39 LTCs, revealing that exercise improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and exercise capacity, though data on mortality and hospitalizations were limited.
- * The review found methodological quality varied among studies, with a significant number rated as critically low, highlighting the need for more research on multimorbidity and its effects on exercise interventions.
Article Synopsis
- Randomised controlled trials often use surrogate endpoints instead of direct outcomes to enhance efficiency and reduce costs, but this can lead to increased uncertainty regarding treatment effects and intervention harms.
- A new guideline, known as CONSORT-Surrogate, provides a checklist for reporting trials that utilize surrogate endpoints, ensuring better clarity and transparency in the results.
- The recommended checklist, tailored for all stakeholders involved in clinical trials, aims to improve the reporting quality of these studies and ultimately reduce wasted research efforts.
Article Synopsis
- Randomised controlled trials often use surrogate endpoints instead of direct outcomes to save time, cost, and ethical concerns, but this can create uncertainty about the actual treatment effects and potential harms.
- The SPIRIT-Surrogate is a new guideline to enhance the reporting standards for trial protocols that use surrogate endpoints, building on the existing SPIRIT checklist.
- This guideline includes nine modified items, encouraging all stakeholders to adopt it, which aims to improve trial design, transparency, and ultimately reduce wasted research efforts.