A new Korean Research Investment for Global Health Technology (RIGHT) Fund to advance innovative neglected-disease technologies.

In 2018, the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK), South Korean life science companies, and a group of international funders led by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched a new and innovative funding agency to support neglected-disease research and development (R&D). The new venture is known as the Research Investment for Global Health Technology (RIGHT) Fund.

Alcohol and Substance Use in the Jewish Community: A Pilot Study.

Awareness of addictions in the Jewish community is becoming increasingly prevalent, and yet, a gap exists in the literature regarding addictions in this community. Knowledge about the prevalence of addictions within Jewish communities is limited; some believe that Jews cannot be affected by addictions. To address this gap, a pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary evidence relating to addictions and substance use in the Jewish community.

Anxiety sensitivity and drug choice in individuals seeking treatment for substance abuse.

Sixty-four men and 49 women who applied for admission to outpatient substance abuse programs provided information on their preferred chemical (e.g., alcohol) and information on their alcohol and other chemical use.

The use of sodium valproate in the treatment of alcoholism.

It has been suggested that decreased central GABAergic activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholism. Sodium valproate is a commercially available anticonvulsant that increases central GABAergic activity. In this pilot study 13 adult male alcoholics received one month of oral, low dose sodium valproate (15 mg/kg/d) followed by one month of placebo followed by one month of sodium valproate at the standard anticonvulsant dosage (45 mg/kg/d).

Effects of duration and timing of environmental enrichment on voluntary ethanol intake in rats.

The effects of exposure to five environmental rearing conditions on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake was examined. Male weanling rats were reared for 60 days in either an enriched environment, individually, or in a smaller enriched environment (quasienriched). The quasienriched environment was employed to allow for a group measurement of ethanol intake.

The adult children of alcoholics in a psychiatric population.

The issues confronting adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) are well publicized but their empirical basis remains limited. The screening of 250 consecutive psychiatric admissions to a general hospital revealed a significant prevalence of ACOAs across diagnoses. Compared to the other patients, the ACOA group was younger but with no other socioeconomic difference.

Caloric vs. pharmacologic effects of ethanol consumption on activity anorexia in rats.

Food restriction, combined with access to a running wheel, produces "activity anorexia" (self-starvation) in rats. The relative effects of ethanol and propylene glycol on activity-maintained self-starvation were examined. Young male rats were provided with access to a running wheel while on a 22.

The effect of long-term, voluntary ethanol consumption on hepatic regeneration in rats.

Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effect of ethanol on hepatic regeneration. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether long-term, voluntary consumption of ethanol, within the range reported in humans, has an effect on hepatic regenerative activity in rats following partial hepatectomy. Ninety-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3-9/group) were studied.

Effects of environmental enrichment on voluntary ethanol intake in rats.

The effects of exposure to four environmental rearing conditions on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake were examined. Male weanling rats were were reared in either an enriched environment or individually for 90 days. After the 90-day environmental exposure period, the initial groups (Enriched and Isolated) were randomly subdivided into four groups (Enriched, Enriched/Isolated, Isolated, and Isolated/Enriched) and exposed to increasing concentrations of ethanol (3% to 9% v/v) in a free choice with water.

Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on ethanol-induced locomotor activity in rats.

In adulthood, offspring with Fetal Alcohol Effects exhibit different responses to ethanol than nonexposed offspring; however, the majority of this research has utilized high levels of ethanol prenatally with resultant behavioural and/or physical anomalies. The present research focused on moderate prenatal ethanol exposure and subsequent challenge with low doses of ethanol. Following impregnation, female rats were exposed to between 3-4 g/kg of ethanol in a saccharin solution daily in a voluntary free-choice with water during one of each trimester or during all trimesters.

Influence of rearing conditions on voluntary ethanol intake and response to stress in rats.

The effects of exposure to four environmental rearing conditions on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake and response to immobilization stress were examined. Male weanling rats were reared in an enriched environment, with a female partner, with a male partner, or individually, for 90 days. At 111 days of age, voluntary consumption of ethanol in increasing concentrations (3 to 9%, v/v) was assessed.

Evidence of "cross-stressor"-induced adaptive gastric cytoprotection.

Rats were given 7 days pre-treatment with either water (p.o.), 1 h immobilization or 20% ethanol (p.

Ethanol-stress interaction: immediate versus delayed effects of ethanol and handling on stress responses of ethanol-consuming rats.

Rats screened for voluntary ethanol intake (high, medium, and low ethanol-preferring rats and non-ethanol-exposed controls) were given acute immobilization stress either immediately following the ethanol screening procedure, or after a 20 day period without access to ethanol. Among animals examined for stress responses immediately after ethanol screening, it was observed that water-only control rats developed significantly less frequent and less severe gastric stress ulcers than rats in all ethanol-exposed groups. This result suggests that ethanol, stress and routine handling may have contributed to ulcer formation in these animals.

Unpredictable cold-immobilization stress effects on voluntary ethanol consumption in rats.

The effects of exposure to a schedule of unpredictable cold-immobilization stress on voluntary ethanol consumption were examined. Following testing for ethanol preference, rats were divided into high, medium and low ethanol consuming groups on the basis of daily ethanol intake (g/kg/day) and exposed to immobilization stress over an 18 day period. Voluntary ethanol consumption was monitored during the stress period and for an additional 36 days post-stress.

Early weaning effects on voluntary ethanol consumption and stress responsivity in rats.

The present study examined the effect of early maternal deprivation (early weaning) on voluntary ethanol consumption and responses to cold-immobilization stress in adult rats. Rats were weaned at 16 and 21 days of age and housed individually with food and water ad lib until they reached 190 +/- 5 g at which time half of the animals from each group were exposed to increasing concentrations (3 to 9%) of ethanol in a free choice with water every alternate day. Following acquisition of ethanol drinking, animals were provided with water and ethanol (9%) daily for eight days.

Effects of restraint stress on voluntary ethanol intake and ulcer proliferation in rats.

The present study examined the effect of exposure to a schedule of predictable restraint stress on voluntary ethanol consumption and ulcer proliferation in rats. Following ethanol screening rats were divided into high, medium and low ethanol consuming groups on the basis of daily ethanol intake (g/kg/day) and exposed to daily 1 hr restraint stress for 10 consecutive days. Voluntary ethanol consumption was monitored both during the stress period and for an additional 25 days post-stress.

The effects of environmental enrichment on voluntary ethanol consumption and stress ulcer formation in rats.

The effects of exposure to an enriched environment on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake and response to restraint stress were examined. Rats at 21 days of age were reared in an enriched environment for 90 days. Non-enriched animals were reared individually in standard laboratory cages.

Activity stress effects on voluntary ethanol consumption, mortality and ulcer development in rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between activity stress, alcohol consumption and ulcer proliferation. Ethanol consuming rats were initially divided into low, medium or high ethanol preferring groups on the basis of daily ethanol intake (g/kg/day). Following a habituation period in activity cages, animals were fed for 1 hr per day.

Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on adult ethanol preference and response to zimelidine in rats.

The effects of prenatal ethanol (ETOH) exposure (2.8-3.5 g/kg per day) on subsequent adult ETOH preference and on ETOH consumption after treatment with zimelidine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, were investigated.

Acute ethanol administration: effects on stress-induced gastric and duodenal ulcer in rats.

Rats were given 6% ethanol (v/v) as their only source of liquid for 4 days. On the basis of ethanol consumption (g/kg/day), animals were divided into high, medium and low ethanol consuming groups. A non-ethanol exposed control group was also included.

Ethanol-stress interaction: differences among ethanol-preferring rats' responses to restraint.

Rats were screened in an alcohol-water free-choice paradigm and divided into low-ethanol preferring (1.5-2.5 g/kg/day), medium-ethanol-preferring (2.

An investigation of the mechanisms of action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the suppression of ethanol intake.

The effect of blockage of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine uptake on voluntary ethanol consumption in rats was investigated. It was demonstrated that attenuation of ethanol intake occurred only as a result of treatment with specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors. These results suggested that increasing the availability of central 5-hydroxytryptamine may in some way interfere with the positive reinforcing properties of ethanol.

An examination of possible interactions between zimelidine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, and ethanol ingested conjointly in human subjects.

Non-alcoholic male subjects were given either a placebo or zimelidine (100, 200 or 300 mg, p.o.) 2 h prior to consumption of alcohol (1 g/kg) or a non-alcoholic mixer.