Changes in RANKL, OPG, and 25(OH)D Levels in Children with Leukemia from Diagnosis to Remission.

Background: The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway is a determining pathway in the balance between bone formation and resorption, and disruptions in this complex can affect bone metabolism.

Methods: This study analyzes the changes in RANKL, OPG, and 25(OH)D levels; the RANKL/OPG ratio; and other bone turnover markers (BTMs) from diagnosis to complete remission in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This is a prospective observational cohort study, carried out at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, including 33 patients (4-17 years) with newly diagnosed B-cell ALL.

Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Radiosensitizing Effects of Clofarabine.

Background/aim: ClFdA is a second-generation antineoplastic agent that has demonstrated significant anticancer activity, particularly against acute lymphoblastic leukemia and has been shown to have radiosensitizing activity. The aim of the study was to explore the genotoxic, cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of clofarabine (ClFdA) on bone marrow cells (BMCs), normoblasts and leukocytes of mice in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Cytotoxicity was determined by the reduction in reticulocytes (RET), and genotoxicity was determined by the induction of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) in the peripheral blood and by DNA break induction in leukocytes determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).

Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Kinetics of Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole in Well-nourished and Undernourished Young Rats.

Background/aim: Undernutrition is a serious health problem prevalent in poor countries, affecting millions of people worldwide, especially young children, pregnant women, and sick elderly individuals. This condition increases vulnerability to infections, leading to widespread use of antibiotic treatments in undernourished populations. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vivo genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) treatment according to nutritional conditions.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: RANK/RANKL/OPG (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin) system and glucocorticoids.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked inherited disorder. Patients present with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) due to glucocorticoid therapy and progressive muscle weakness. Bone remodeling allows bone volume and structure to be maintained and controlled by local and systemic factors.

Imidazole and nitroimidazole derivatives as NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitors: Density functional theory studies, homology modeling, and molecular docking.

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are drugs used for its therapy; nevertheless, they have collateral effects. NADH-fumarate (FUM) reductase is a potential pharmacological target since it is essential for survival of parasite and is not found in humans.

In vivo kinetics of the genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of cladribine and clofarabine.

The aim of the present in vivo study was to determine the kinetics of the genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of cladribine and clofarabine in mouse normoblasts using flow cytometry. Mice in groups of five were treated with cladribine or clofarabine. Blood samples were obtained from the mouse tails before treatment and every 8 hr posttreatment for 72 hr.

Phosphorylated ATM and H2AX in T and B lymphocytes from rats with moderate and severe malnutrition.

Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) occurs when insufficient nutrients are consumed to satisfy the biological needs of an organism. The literature supports the relationship between malnutrition and DNA damage, and among the injuries to genetic material, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most dangerous. This study aimed to determine whether the ability of splenic and peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes from nursing rats to recognize DSB-induced DNA damage is affected by PCM.

In vivo Characterization of the Radiosensitizing Effect of a Very Low Dose of BrdU in Murine Cells Exposed to Low-Dose Radiation.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the in vivo radiosensitizing effect of a very low dose of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in mice exposed to low-dose radiation by establishing the following: (1) the radiosensitizing effect during DNA synthesis using single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) in murine bone marrow cells, and (2) the number and timing of the mechanisms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, as well as the correlation of both end points, using flow cytometry analysis of the kinetics of micronucleus induction in reticulocytes. Groups of mice received intraperitoneal injections of 0.125 mg/g of BrdU 24 h prior to irradiation with 0.

Assessment of micronucleus and oxidative stress in peripheral blood from malnourished children.

Introduction: malnutrition is one of the most common health problems among children in underdeveloped countries, including Mexico. Previous studies have indicated increased genetic damage in malnourished humans and animal models, but the essential mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the effects of malnutrition on the frequency of micronucleus (MN) in reticulocytes (RET) from the peripheral blood of well-nourished uninfected (WN), well-nourished infected (WNI), moderately malnourished infected (UNM) and severely malnourished infected (UNS) children.

Serum cytokines and activation ex vivo of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in chagasic chronic Mexican patients.

The clinical manifestations of human Chagas disease are associated with several factors, including immunological alterations, in this regard, many studies propose that tissue damage might be more severe in the absence of immune regulatory mechanisms, other factors are the genetic background of host and parasite. Trypanosoma cruzi population is genetically, biochemistry and pathogenic diverse along the Latin-America continent and phylogenetic ally are divided into six intra-species lineages TcI-VI. The TcI lineage has a wide distribution with heterogeneous virulence and pathogenesis within strains.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment increases the Pig-a mutant frequency in peripheral blood from severely malnourished rats.

Severe malnutrition is a complex condition that increases susceptibility to infections. Thus, drugs are extensively used in malnutrition cases. In the present study, we assessed the mutagenic effects of combined trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) treatment in undernourished (UN) and well-nourished (WN) rats.

Moderate malnutrition in rats induces somatic gene mutations.

The relationship between malnutrition and genetic damage has been widely studied in human and animal models, leading to the observation that interactions between genotoxic exposure and micronutrient status appear to affect genomic stability. A new assay has been developed that uses the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (Pig-a) as a reporter for measuring in vivo gene mutation. The Pig-a assay can be employed to evaluate mutant frequencies (MFs) in peripheral blood reticulocytes (RETs) and erythrocytes (RBCs) using flow cytometry.

Malnutrition and infection influence the peripheral blood reticulocyte micronuclei frequency in children.

Malnutrition is a serious public health problem that affects approximately one third of all children. Developing countries have the highest incidence of malnourished children, and approximately 60% of deaths that occur in children under five are directly related to malnutrition and associated diseases. The relationship between malnutrition and genetic damage has been widely studied in humans and animal models.

Biodirected mutagenic chemical assay of PM(10) extractable organic matter in Southwest Mexico City.

The concentration of breathable particles (PM(10)) in urban areas has been associated with increases in morbidity and mortality of the exposed populations, therein the importance of this study. Organic compounds adsorbed to PM(10) are related to the increased risk to human health. Although some studies have shown the lack of correlation between specific mutagenic compounds in an organic complex mixture (OCM) and the mutagenic response in several bioassays, the same organic compounds selectively separated in less complex groups can show higher or lower mutagenic responses than in the OCM.

Electronic structure and physicochemical properties characterization of the amino acids 12-26 of TP53: a theoretical study.

PNC-27, a synthetic peptide, is derived from the TP53-HDM2 binding domain that include TP53 amino acids 12-26 linked with 17 amino acids from the antennapedia protein transference domain. This peptide induces membrane rupture in tumor cells through toroidal pores formation and has motivated several experimental studies; nonetheless, its mechanism of biological action remains unknown to date. Herein, we present a theoretical study at the Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (B3LYP) levels of theory of TP53 protein residues 12-26 (PPLSQETFSDLWKLL) in order to characterize its electronic structure and physicochemical properties.

Effect of malnutrition on K+ current in T lymphocytes.

Severe malnutrition in children is frequently associated with infectious diseases. Animal models have been useful for studying the effects of malnutrition. One of the immunosuppressive mechanisms of malnutrition is inhibition of the activation of T lymphocytes.

Differential effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and immobilization stress on blood lymphocyte subsets in rats.

Objectives: There is growing evidence of the relationship between sleep and the immune response. Studies aimed at elucidating the function of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have found it difficult to separate the effects due to REM sleep deprivation and the effects due to the stress produced by the deprivation procedure. It has been claimed that immobilization is the main stressor that the animals have to face during the deprivation process.