Perioperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage and its surgical management: a systematic review.

Purpose: Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is a rare but severely feared sight-threatening complication of intraocular surgery, and its management remains debatable. We intended to summarize the existing surgical management options regarding perioperative SCH, describing different techniques and their respective visual outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search of articles published since 1st January 2011 until 31st December 2022 was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus.

Advanced Surface Ablation in a Patient With Suspect Topography: A Case Report.

The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a 10-year clinical outcome of advanced surface ablation with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in a patient who had been previously incorrectly diagnosed with keratoconus (KC). Corneal ectasia is a rare but extremely relevant complication of laser vision correction, and KC represents a major contraindication for these procedures. Nonetheless, some surface ablation procedures, such as PRK, might be a valid option for particular patients with atypical corneal topography or subclinical or mild forms of KC.

Effect of Repeated Intravitreal Injections in Glaucoma Spectrum Diseases.

Purpose: To evaluate whether repeated intravitreal injections (IVI) with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent are associated with glaucomatous progression in eyes with glaucoma spectrum diseases (GSD).

Methods: Single-center, retrospective, longitudinal study of patients with bilateral and similar GSD who: (1) received ≥8 IVI in only one eye during the study period; (2) had ≥2 retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measurements obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at least 12 months apart. The primary outcome was the absolute RNFL thickness change, comparing injected and fellow uninjected eyes.

Nationwide consensus on quality indicators to assess glaucoma care: A modified Delphi approach.

Purpose: Performance assessments are essential to tracking and improving quality in health care systems. Key aspects of the care process that act as indicators must be measured in order to gain an in-depth understanding of a care unit's operation. Without standardized quality indicators (QIs), it is difficult to characterize and compare the abilities of institutions to achieve excellence.

Terson Syndrome - Clinical Presentation, Management, and Visual Outcomes in a Tertiary Centre.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, management strategy and visual outcomes of patients diagnosed with Terson syndrome and followed in a tertiary centre in Portugal.

Patients And Methods: A single-centre retrospective study was performed, based on the survey review of the medical records of every consecutive patient diagnosed with Terson syndrome and followed from January 2018 to August 2021. The change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to the final evaluation was the primary outcome.

Cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in Northwest Portugal using capture-recapture.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of vision impairment (VI) in Portugal.

Setting: Information about people with VI was obtained from primary care centres, blind association (ACAPO) and from hospitals (the PCVIP study) in the Northwest of Portugal during a period spanning years 2014-2015. Causes of VI were obtained from hospitals.

Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant (FAc, 0.19 mg, ILUVIEN®) in the Treatment of Patients with Recurrent Cystoid Macular Edema After Pars Plana Vitrectomy.

Introduction: Postoperative cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a complication of several ocular procedures, including pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), due to the activation of the inflammatory cascade. The purpose of this case series is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (FAc, 0.2 μg/day; ILUVIEN®) in the treatment of refractory PCME after successful PPV.

Retinal and choroidal vasoreactivity in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate retinal and choroidal vascular reactivity to carbogen in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients.

Methods: An experimental pilot study including 68 eyes from 20 CSC patients and 14 age and sex-matched controls was performed. The participants inhaled carbogen (5% CO + 95% O) for 2 min through a high-concentration disposable mask.

Longitudinal multimodal functional macular analysis after half-dose photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinopathy.

Background: Half-dose photodynamic therapy (HD-PDT) has been widely used for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with good anatomical results. However, long-term functional outcomes after this treatment remain uncertain. This study aimed a longitudinal multimodal macular assessment, correlating functional and anatomical outcomes.

Endophthalmitis following Intravitreal Injection, Cataract Surgery, and Vitrectomy: Clinical Features and Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To describe and compare the clinical features and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections (IVI), cataract surgery, and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: This is a single-centre, retrospective study. All included patients had acute postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to one of these three procedures.

Prone Positioning Covid-19 Patients: A Double-Edged Sword-A Case Report of a Devastating Ocular Complication.

In the late 1970s, prone positioning was established as an efficient treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, with the world facing a global health crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become an accepted routine practice in intensive care units dealing with critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ophthalmic complications associated with the prone position are not a novelty in clinical practice.

Optical coherence tomography angiography changes in cardiovascular systemic diseases and risk factors: A Review.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the main cause of death around the world, and assessing a patient's CV risk factors (CVRF) can play a major role in its prevention. Since it has been shown that retinal vascular alterations may reflect several systemic processes such as CVRF, we conducted a systematic review in order to summarize which ocular microvasculature changes can be found using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in patients without ocular diseases and with systemic pathologies/conditions that affect the CV system when compared to healthy subjects. We searched on online databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science, and obtained additional studies through citation tracking.

Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod responses: A rare KCNV2 gene variant.

Purpose: To describe the clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic findings of three Portuguese families with a rare variant in the gene resulting in "cone dystrophy with supernormal rod responses" (CDSRR).

Methods: Retrospective clinical revision of five individuals from three unrelated families with CDSRR. Ophthalmological examination was described in all patients and included color vision testing, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), pattern electroretinogram (ERG), and full-field ERG.

A Scoping Review of Process Indicators for Measuring Quality of Care in Glaucoma.

Prcis: There are no standardized process quality indicators (QIs) in glaucoma care. Although they can be inferred from guidelines and trials, they should be designed and standardized to allow better assessment of the quality of care.

Purpose: QIs are crucial for assessing the performance of any health care system.

Long term outer retinal changes in central serous chorioretinopathy submitted to half-dose photodynamic therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term changes in the foveal and parafoveal outer retina after half-dose photodynamic therapy (HD-PDT) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Retrospective study including CSC patients submitted to HD-PDT. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated.

Child with a mild phenotype of Incontinentia Pigmenti and inner retinal dysfunction.

Purpose: To describe a case of a child with mild phenotype of Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP), with changes in Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) and an electronegative dark-adapted (DA) 3.0 electroretinogram (ERG), suggestive of inner retinal dysfunction.

Case Report: We described a 7-year-old female child with IP.

Metabolomic profiling of aqueous humor from glaucoma patients - The metabolomics in surgical ophthalmological patients (MISO) study.

Glaucoma is still a poorly understood disease with a clear need for new biomarkers to help in diagnosis and potentially offer new therapeutic targets. We aimed to determine if the metabolic profile of aqueous humor (AH) as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows the distinction between primary open-angle glaucoma patients and control subjects, and to distinguish between high-tension (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). We analysed the AH of patients with POAG, NTG and control subjects (n = 30/group).

Cerebral Neurovascular Coupling Impairment in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disorder resulting from choroidal hyperpermeability. Its comorbidities as hypertension, coronary disease, and psychological stress, suggest that it might reflect a more generalized vascular dysfunction.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the cerebrovascular regulation integrity, using cerebral autoregulation (CA), carbon dioxide vasoreactivity (VR), and neurovascular coupling (NVC) in CSCR.

Unexplained Visual Loss After Silicone Oil Removal: A 7-Year Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Unexplained visual loss after removal of silicone oil from the eye has been described. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of unexplained loss of visual acuity after SO removal and to provide possible explanations for this phenomenon.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients that underwent vitreoretinal surgery, at Centro Hospitalar São João, between January of 2012 and October of 2018.

A Review of Capture-recapture Methods and Its Possibilities in Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences.

Epidemiological information is expected to be used to develop key aspects of eye care such as to control and minimise the impact of diseases, to allocate resources, to monitor public health actions, to determine the best treatment options and to forecast the consequence of diseases in populations. Epidemiological studies are expected to provide information about the prevalence and/or incidence of eye diseases or conditions. To determine prevalence is necessary to perform a cross-sectional screening of the population at risk to ascertain the number of cases.

Choroidal Thickness and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy.

The role of retinal vasculature's dysfunction in the physiopathology of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) has been extensively described. Recently, the existence of a diabetic choroidal vasculopathy has been proposed. The purpose of this study was to compare choroidal thickness (CT) in nondiabetic patients and in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy, using EDI SD-OCT.

Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis.

Purpose: The purpose was to compare the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective case-control study. All patients treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, or corticosteroids for a variety of retinal vascular diseases between 1 October 2014 and 30 November 2018 were included.