Learning effectiveness of clinical anatomy and practical spine surgery skills using a new VR-based training platform.

Introduction: As medical education becomes more complex, the demand for advanced teaching and training methods has grown. Technological advancements have opened up new possibilities, particularly in the realm of virtual reality (VR) simulations for training.

Research Question: Our prospective, randomized pilot study aims to assess whether a novel VR-based 3D training platform can effectively teach the knowledge and skills needed for complex spinal surgery, specifically pedicle screw placement.

[Surgical management of acute traumatic spinal cord injury : Stability vs. functionality].

Background: Traumatic spinal cord injuries represent a devastating condition in the lives of those affected, with physical, emotional, and economic burdens for the patients themselves, their social environment, and society as a whole.

Objective: Surgical approach and techniques in traumatic spinal cord injuries.

Results: Traumatic spinal cord injuries should be surgically treated as soon as possible, but at least within 24 h of injury.

DOPESLAM: High-Precision ROS-Based Semantic 3D SLAM in a Dynamic Environment.

Recent advancements in deep learning techniques have accelerated the growth of robotic vision systems. One way this technology can be applied is to use a mobile robot to automatically generate a 3D map and identify objects within it. This paper addresses the important challenge of labeling objects and generating 3D maps in a dynamic environment.

The intersection of bee and flower sexes: pollen presence shapes sex-specific bee foraging associations in sunflower.

Foraging preferences are known to differ among bee taxa, and can also differ between male and female bees of the same species. Similarly, bees can prefer a specific flower sex, particularly if only one sex provides pollen. Such variation in foraging preferences could lead to divergent bee communities visiting different flower sexes of a plant species.

The Clinical Outcome of Custom-Made Implants in Primary and Revision Hip Arthroplasty.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Facing the increasing number of priary and revision hip arthroplasties, the therapy of complex osseus defects becomes a crucial issue. Large acetabular defects cannot be treated with standard implant. Individual, customized implants based on 3D computed tomography (CT) scans are used for reconstruction.

French Society of ENT (SFORL) guidelines. Management of acute Bell's palsy.

AQFThe authors present the guidelines of the French Society of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL) regarding the management of Bell's palsy in adults. After a literature review by a multidisciplinary workgroup, guidelines were drawn up based on retrieved articles and group-members' experience, then read over by an independent group to edit the final version. Guidelines were graded A, B, C or "expert opinion" according to decreasing level of evidence.

First-Order Magnetic Phase Transition of Mobile Electrons in Monolayer MoS_{2}.

Evidence is presented for a first-order magnetic phase transition in a gated two-dimensional semiconductor, monolayer-MoS_{2}. The phase boundary separates a ferromagnetic phase at low electron density and a paramagnetic phase at high electron density. Abrupt changes in the optical response signal an abrupt change in the magnetism.

Magnetic measurements on micrometer-sized samples under high pressure using designed NV centers.

Pressure can be used to tune the interplay among structural, electronic, and magnetic interactions in materials. High pressures are usually applied in the diamond anvil cell, making it difficult to study the magnetic properties of a micrometer-sized sample. We report a method for spatially resolved optical magnetometry based on imaging a layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers created at the surface of a diamond anvil.

[Oberst's block anesthesia].

Objective: Complete anesthesia of the phalanges of the fingers and toes.

Indications: All lesions distal to the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint.

Contraindications: Local infections at the injection site.

[Infiltration anesthesia].

Objective: Complete anesthesia of any skin and soft tissue area by intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular injections.

Indications: Small injuries or incisions in limbs or trunk, minor surgery on the face/jaw (e.g.

Of Cestodes and Men: Surgical Treatment of a Spinal Hydatid Cyst.

Background:  The cestode causes hydatid disease. In addition to manifestations in the liver and lung, it can lead to cystic lesions in the spine.

Case Description:  We report a 42-year-old male patient with primary hydatid disease in the eighth thoracic vertebra.

Diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities of the trigeminal nerve root in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia: a pre- and postoperative comparative study 4 years after microvascular decompression.

Background: As diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is able to assess tissue integrity, authors used diffusion to detect abnormalities in trigeminal nerves (TGN) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by neurovascular compression (NVC) who had undergone microvascular decompression (MVD). The authors also studied anatomical TGN parameters (cross-sectional area [CSA] and volume [V]). The study compared pre- and postoperative findings.

Spin-polarized electrons in monolayer MoS.

Coulomb interactions are crucial in determining the ground state of an ideal two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the limit of low electron densities. In this regime, Coulomb interactions dominate over single-particle phase-space filling. In silicon and gallium arsenide, electrons are typically localized at these low densities.

Infrared laser threshold magnetometry with a NV doped diamond intracavity etalon.

We propose a hybrid laser system consisting of a semiconductor external cavity laser associated to an intra-cavity diamond etalon doped with nitrogen-vacancy color centers. We consider laser emission tuned to the infrared absorption line that is enhanced under the magnetic field dependent nitrogen-vacancy electron spin resonance and show that this architecture leads to a compact solid-state magnetometer that can be operated at room-temperature. The sensitivity to the magnetic field limited by the photonshot-noise of the output laser beam is estimated to be less than 1 pT/Hz.

Optical Magnetometry of Single Biocompatible Micromagnets for Quantitative Magnetogenetic and Magnetomechanical Assays.

The mechanical manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles is a powerful approach to probing and actuating biological processes in living systems. Implementing this technique in high-throughput assays can be achieved using biocompatible micromagnet arrays. However, the magnetic properties of these arrays are usually indirectly inferred from simulations or Stokes drag measurements, leaving unresolved questions about the actual profile of the magnetic fields at the micrometer scale and the exact magnetic forces that are applied.

Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in a MoS Monolayer van der Waals Heterostructure.

The optics of dangling-bond-free van der Waals heterostructures containing transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by excitons. A crucial property of a confined exciton is the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE). Here, such a heterostructure is used to probe the QCSE by applying a uniform vertical electric field across a molybdenum disulfide (MoS) monolayer.

Weekly follow up of acute lesions in three early multiple sclerosis patients using MR spectroscopy and diffusion.

Object: Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion formation, including inflammation, demyelination/remyelination and axonal damage, and their temporal evolution are still not clearly understood. To this end, three acute white matter lesions were monitored using a weekly multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) protocol.

Materials And Methods: Three untreated patients with early relapsing-remitting MS and one healthy control subject were followed weekly for two months.

Enabling Adolescent Electronic Access to Personal Health Information.

In Canada, every individual has a right to their personal health information (PHI). As the use of consumer digital health solutions expands across Canada it is evident that a better understanding of the application of this right to individuals under the age of majority is needed. Research was undertaken between December 2015 and March 2016 which focused on various aspects of adolescent electronic access to PHI.

Coherent Population Trapping of a Single Nuclear Spin Under Ambient Conditions.

We demonstrate coherent population trapping of a single nuclear spin in a room-temperature solid. To this end, we exploit a three-level system with a Λ configuration in the microwave domain, which consists of nuclear spin states addressed through their hyperfine coupling to the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond. Moreover, the Λ-scheme relaxation is externally controlled through incoherent optical pumping and separated in time from consecutive coherent microwave excitations.

Multiple sclerosis lesion formation and early evolution revisited: A weekly high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigated the evolution of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to blood-brain barrier breakdown and lesion formation. Only a few assessed the early natural history of MS lesions using short-interval longitudinal MRI.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize MS lesion occurrence and early evolution on high-resolution MRI acquired at weekly intervals.

The nature of domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnets revealed by scanning nanomagnetometry.

The capacity to propagate magnetic domain walls with spin-polarized currents underpins several schemes for information storage and processing using spintronic devices. A key question involves the internal structure of the domain walls, which governs their response to certain current-driven torques such as the spin Hall effect. Here we show that magnetic microscopy based on a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond can provide a direct determination of the internal wall structure in ultrathin ferromagnetic films under ambient conditions.

Weekly multimodal MRI follow-up of two multiple sclerosis active lesions presenting a transient decrease in ADC.

Background And Purpose: Blood-brain barrier disruption during the earliest phases of lesion formation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is commonly ascribed to perivenular inflammatory activity and is usually accompanied by increased diffusivity. Reduced diffusivity has also been shown in active lesions, albeit less frequently. This study aimed to characterize the development and natural history of contrast-enhanced lesions by weekly following five relapsing remitting (RR) MS patients.

Probing the dynamics of a nuclear spin bath in diamond through time-resolved central spin magnetometry.

Using fast electron spin resonance spectroscopy of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond, we demonstrate real-time readout of the Overhauser field produced by its nuclear spin environment under ambient conditions. These measurements enable narrowing the Overhauser field distribution by postselection, corresponding to a conditional preparation of the nuclear spin bath. Correlations of the Overhauser field fluctuations are quantitatively inferred by analyzing the Allan deviation over consecutive measurements.

Nanoscale imaging and control of domain-wall hopping with a nitrogen-vacancy center microscope.

The control of domain walls in magnetic wires underpins an emerging class of spintronic devices. Propagation of these walls in imperfect media requires defects that pin them to be characterized on the nanoscale. Using a magnetic microscope based on a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, we report domain-wall imaging on a 1-nanometer-thick ferromagnetic nanowire and directly observe Barkhausen jumps between two pinning sites spaced 50 nanometers apart.