Molecular characterization of enzalutamide-treated bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Enzalutamide is a novel antiandrogen with proven efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Objective: To evaluate enzalutamide's effects on cancer and on androgens in blood and bone marrow, and associate these with clinical observations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prospective phase 2 study, 60 patients with bone mCRPC received enzalutamide 160mg orally daily and had transilial bone marrow biopsies before treatment and at 8 wk of treatment.

Upfront, randomized, phase 2 trial of sorafenib versus sorafenib and low-dose interferon alfa in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: clinical and biomarker analysis.

Background: The objective of this study was to independently evaluate the objective response rate of sorafenib and sorafenib plus low-dose interferon-alfa 2b (IFN) as frontline therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods: Untreated patients with clear cell mRCC were randomized to receive sorafenib 400 mg orally twice daily or sorafenib 400 mg orally twice daily plus subcutaneous IFN 0.5 million U (MU) twice daily.