Bullying, harassment and sexual discrimination among ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand.

Background: Discrimination, bullying and sexual harassment (DBSH) impact the psychological well-being of doctors and contribute to poor health outcomes. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) commissioned independent surveys to evaluate DBSH among members/trainees.

Methods: Anonymous online surveys by Best Practice Australia were undertaken in 2015 and 2018.

Case Report: Japanese Encephalitis Associated with Chorioretinitis after Short-Term Travel to Bali, Indonesia.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus endemic throughout Asia. Incidence in non-endemic countries is rare, with an estimate of less than one case per one million travelers. Most human JE infections are asymptomatic or cause a mild, nonspecific febrile illness.

Polymerase chain reaction testing of vitreous in atypical ocular syphilis.

Purpose: To illustrate the diagnostic importance of syphilis PCR testing on intraocular fluid for atypical presentations.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Results: Two cases of atypical intraocular inflammation were confirmed by PCR testing of vitreous for Treponema pallidum DNA.

Therapeutic targeting of the complement system in age-related macular degeneration: a review.

The last decade has produced pivotal change in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of global blindness. In this time, the complement system has featured as a unifying theme for several elements of new evidence: initially, the discovery of complement proteins within drusen and subsequently, the association between AMD and mutations in various complement pathway genes, most notably complement factor H. Increasingly, a wealth of data are pointing towards a role for chronic local inflammation and complement activation in the patho-aetiology of AMD.

Ranibizumab therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to non-age-related macular degeneration causes.

Background: To investigate the efficacy of ranibizumab therapy for choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes secondary to conditions other than macular degeneration.

Design: Prospective case series conducted at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital.

Participants: Twelve-month follow-up data for 41 patients with CNV recruited from the outpatient clinic from May 2008 to April 2010 is presented.

Optical coherence tomography of adult-onset fovemacular vitelliform dystrophy.

Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy is characterized by a focal, round or oval shaped, subretinal foveal yellow lesion that presents bilaterally and usually symmetrically in the fourth or fifth decade of life. In addition to clinical observation, diagnosis of the disease process has until now been assisted by electrophysiological and fundus fluorescein studies. Two cases are presented that correlate the clinical fundus appearance with optical coherence tomography findings and describe the location of the yellow vitelliform material.

A case of preseptal cellulitis.

Infection of the eyelids confined to the preseptal space is relatively common but potentially serious. It occurs with much greater frequency than do orbital infections and if left untreated, it has the potential to be life-threatening. We present a classic case of preseptal cellulitis and discuss how the optometrist can be involved in the diagnosis and management of this infectious disorder.

Management of filamentary keratitis associated with aqueous-deficient dry eye.

Purpose: To review the incidence, underlying pathophysiology, and clinical features of filamentary keratitis and to identify evidence-based best-practice strategies for managing filamentary keratitis.

Methods: A comprehensive review of published literature was undertaken. Recommendations for best-practice management strategies were based on the available evidence.

Retinal angioma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a multi-system disorder that can produce hamartomas (benign tumour-like nodules) of the eyes, skin and nervous system. Retinal capillary angioma is a common ocular association of this congenital phakomatosis that may result in blinding sequelae, if not managed appropriately. We present a case of retinal angioma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease and discuss the ocular and systemic signs, diagnosis and management.