Providing Veterans With Innovative Nursing Educational Opportunities.

This funded project assisted veteran students to obtain a baccalaureate in nursing by aligning the skills learned through military training with concepts and skills valued by professional nursing and taught to nursing students. Nine concepts or skills were identified by nursing faculty that validated for course credit. The identified concepts and skills were incorporated into four simulation scenarios.

Novel diagnosis for citrus stubborn disease by detection of a spiroplasma citri-secreted protein.

Citrus stubborn disease (CSD), first identified in California, is a widespread bacterial disease found in most arid citrus-producing regions in the United States and the Mediterranean Region. The disease is caused by Spiroplasma citri, an insect-transmitted and phloem-colonizing bacterium. CSD causes significant tree damage resulting in loss of fruit production and quality.

Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1 targets a host enzyme to suppress isoflavone biosynthesis and promote infection in soybean.

Type III secreted effectors (T3SEs), such as Pseudomonas syringae HopZ1, are essential bacterial virulence proteins injected into the host cytosol to facilitate infection. However, few direct targets of T3SEs are known. Investigating the target(s) of HopZ1 in soybean, a natural P.

Catalytic domain of the diversified Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1 determines the allelic specificity in plant hosts.

The type III secretion systems (T3SS) and secreted effectors (T3SEs) are essential virulence factors in Gram-negative bacteria. During the arms race, plants have evolved resistance (R) genes to detect specific T3SEs and activate defence responses. However, this immunity can be efficiently defeated by the pathogens through effector evolution.

Computational prediction of type III secreted proteins from gram-negative bacteria.

Background: Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a specialized protein delivery system in gram-negative bacteria that injects proteins (called effectors) directly into the eukaryotic host cytosol and facilitates bacterial infection. For many plant and animal pathogens, T3SS is indispensable for disease development. Recently, T3SS has also been found in rhizobia and plays a crucial role in the nodulation process.

Allelic variants of the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopZ1 are differentially recognized by plant resistance systems.

The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae depends on the type III secretion system and type III-secreted effectors to cause disease in plants. HopZ is a diverse family of type III effectors widely distributed in P. syringae isolates.

Convergent evolution of phytopathogenic pseudomonads onto hazelnut.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. avellanae (synonym: P. avellanae, Pav) is the causal agent of hazelnut decline in Greece and Italy.

Diversifying selection drives the evolution of the type III secretion system pilus of Pseudomonas syringae.

The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae uses a type III secretion system to inject virulence proteins directly into the cytoplasm of its hosts. The P. syringae type III secretion apparatus is encoded, in part, by the HrpZ operon, which carries the hrpA gene encoding the pilin subunit of the pilus, various components of the structural apparatus, and the HrpZ harpin protein that is believed to produce pores in the host cell membrane.

Phylogenetic characterization of virulence and resistance phenotypes of Pseudomonas syringae.

Individual strains of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae vary in their ability to produce toxins, nucleate ice, and resist antimicrobial compounds. These phenotypes enhance virulence, but it is not clear whether they play a dominant role in specific pathogen-host interactions. To investigate the evolution of these virulence-associated phenotypes, we used functional assays to survey for the distribution of these phenotypes among a collection of 95 P.

Identification of four fimbria-encoding genomic islands that are highly specific for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O157 strains.

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli causes zoonotic food- or waterborne infection that may be associated with massive outbreaks and with the serious complication of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Serotypes O157:H7 and O157:NM are more commonly associated with HUS and outbreaks than other serotypes, such as O26:H11. To determine whether a genetic basis exists for why serotype O157:H7/NM causes HUS and outbreaks more often than other serotypes, such as O26:H11, we conducted suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) between the genomes of the sequenced O157:H7 strain EDL933 and CL1, a clinical serotype O26:H11 isolate.

Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes: expression of arginase Type I and II genes in rainbow trout: influence of fasting on liver enzyme activity and mRNA levels in juveniles.

Through analysis of a cDNA library and third-party annotation of available database sequences, we characterized the full-length coding regions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Type I, Onmy-ARG01, and Type II, Onmy-ARG02, arginase genes. Two partial related arginase sequences, Onmy-ARG01b and Onmy-ARG02b, and a full-length zebrafish arginase coding region (Danio rerio), Dare-ARG02, are also reported. Comparison of vertebrate arginase sequences shows that both Type I and Type II genes in bony fishes contain a mitochondrial targeting N-terminal domain.

Urea transport in kidney brush-border membrane vesicles from an elasmobranch, Raja erinacea.

Marine elasmobranch fishes maintain high urea concentrations and therefore must minimize urea loss to the environment in order to reduce the energetic costs of urea production. Previous studies have identified a facilitated urea transporter in the kidney of the dogfish. We examined mechanisms of urea transport in the kidney of the little skate Raja erinacea using an isolated brush-border membrane vesicle preparation.

Regulation of a renal urea transporter with reduced salinity in a marine elasmobranch, Raja erinacea.

Marine elasmobranchs retain urea and other osmolytes, e.g. trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), to counterbalance the osmotic pressure of seawater.