Optimizing CNC turning of AISI D3 tool steel using Al₂O₃/graphene nanofluid and machine learning algorithms.

Turning AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) D3 tool steel can be challenging due to a lack of optimal process parameters and proper coolant application to achieve high surface quality and temperature control. Machine learning helps in predicting the optimal parameters, whereas nanofluids enhance cooling efficiency while preserving both the tool and the workpiece. This work intends to utilize advanced machine learning approaches to optimize process parameters with the application of hybrid nanofluids (AlO/graphene) during the CNC turning of AISI D3.