Germline Testing Identifies Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Variants in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Ten percent of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are related to inherited syndromes (MEN1, MEN4, VHL, NF1, and TSC). Growing evidence suggests that clinically sporadic pNETs can also harbor germline pathogenic variants. In this study, we report the prevalence of pathologic/likely pathologic (P/LP) germline variants in a high-risk cohort and an unselected cohort.

The Decline of Basic Ophthalmology in General Medical Education: A Scoping Review and Recommended Potential Solutions.

Objective: This literature review aims to explore research and conceptual pieces on the state of ophthalmology education and suggest potential ways to address current challenges.

Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with combinations of the following search terms: "ophthalmology education," "undergraduate medical education," "medical student," "United States," and "Canada." Eliminating irrelevant articles yielded 47 articles.

Bacterial and fungal characterization of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided biopsies.

Introduction: The tumor microbiome (TM) has been linked to pancreatic cancer prognosis. Specific microbes can confer tumor resistance to therapies. Early knowledge of the TM at time of diagnosis would be clinically relevant for precision therapy based on microbial composition.

Management of Individuals With Diabetes at High Risk for Hypoglycemia: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Context: Hypoglycemia in people with diabetes is common, especially in those taking medications such as insulin and sulfonylureas (SU) that place them at higher risk. Hypoglycemia is associated with distress in those with diabetes and their families, medication nonadherence, and disruption of life and work, and it leads to costly emergency department visits and hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality.

Objective: To review and update the diabetes-specific parts of the 2009 Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline and to address developing issues surrounding hypoglycemia in both adults and children living with diabetes.

SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists for adults with type 2 diabetes: a clinical practice guideline.

Clinical Question: What are the benefits and harms of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists when added to usual care (lifestyle interventions and/or other diabetes drugs) in adults with type 2 diabetes at different risk for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes?

Current Practice: Clinical decisions about treatment of type 2 diabetes have been led by glycaemic control for decades. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are traditionally used in people with elevated glucose level after metformin treatment. This has changed through trials demonstrating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) benefits independent of medications' glucose-lowering potential.

A Predictive Model for Primary Care Providers to Identify Children at Greatest Risk for Early Childhood Caries.

The purpose of this study was to create an early childhood caries (ECC) risk-screening tool that fits into the primary care provider (PCP) well-child workflow. Integrated health records were employed to develop a predictive model for infants/toddlers at ECC risk; 2,009 patients with 12-, 15-, or 18-month well-child visits and at least one dental visit were used to develop a predictive model for ECC risk at the first dental visit. Independent model validation used 880 18- to 48-month-olds at their first dental appointment after at least one well-child visit.

2019 Endocrine Society Measures Set for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are at Risk for Hypoglycemia.

Context: Hypoglycemia in the outpatient setting has a significant financial impact on the health care system and negative impact on a person's quality of life. Primary care physicians must address a multitude of issues in a visit with a person with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often leaving little time to ask about hypoglycemia.

Objective: To develop quality measures that focus on outpatient hypoglycemia episodes for patients 65 and older with T2DM, which facilitate a clinician's ability to identify opportunities to improve the quality of care and reduce hypoglycemic episodes.

What Low-income Smokers Have Learned from Public Health Pedagogy: A Narrative Inquiry.

Health advocates have been working to educate the public about the harms of smoking for more than 50 years. However, smoking rates have reduced more slowly among people with low incomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate what low-income smokers have learned from a lifetime of exposure to public health education and how this knowledge may have translated into smoking-related behaviors.

Men's Help-Seeking Attitudes in Rural Communities Affected by a Natural Disaster.

The article describes a mixed methods study of help-seeking in men living in the Chilean Central Valley, following exposure to a major earthquake event in 2010. The results identify that, within the sample, positive attitudes toward help-seeking correlated with younger age, higher education levels, above-average incomes, and stable personal relationships. It appears that education plays a significant role in shaping such positive attitudes, particularly by influencing views of gender roles and help-seeking.

Improving Patient Experience and Treatment Adherence in the Adult, Outpatient Hemodialysis Population.

Background: The commonly employed medication reconciliation process leaves room for mismanagement of medications in the complex end-stage renal disease patient population.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement and evaluate a multidisciplinary education and feedback intervention designed to improve self-management for adults with end-stage renal disease.

Methods: A pre-post, same subject repeated measures design was used to evaluate the intervention.

Bioinformatics core competencies for undergraduate life sciences education.

Although bioinformatics is becoming increasingly central to research in the life sciences, bioinformatics skills and knowledge are not well integrated into undergraduate biology education. This curricular gap prevents biology students from harnessing the full potential of their education, limiting their career opportunities and slowing research innovation. To advance the integration of bioinformatics into life sciences education, a framework of core bioinformatics competencies is needed.

Pediatric Dentists' Attitudes, Perceptions, and Experience with the Affordable Care Act.

Purpose: Pediatric oral health benefits were designated as one of 10 Essential Health Benefits (EHB) in the Affordable Care Act. Although it provided coverage for many children, several issues prevent its success. The purpose of this study was to document experience with, attitudes toward, and perceptions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) among pediatric dentists.

Strengthening the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's Public Policy Advocate Network: Identifying Advocacy Efforts and Recommendations.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to collect information on involvement, training, and barriers to participation in advocacy efforts for Public Policy Advocates (PPAs) of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and make recommendations to the AAPD.

Methods: Preliminary data were collected from the PPAs during structured AAPD program meetings, conference calls, and individual interviews. Based on these data, a survey was created, piloted, and sent electronically to all PPAs.

Longitudinal Study of Insomnia Symptoms Among Women During Perimenopause.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of insomnia symptoms among women during perimenopause and to examine differences in self-reported insomnia symptoms at different stages of perimenopause over 10 years.

Design: Secondary analysis of self-reported sleep symptoms and clinical variables using 10 years of publicly available data from the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN).

Setting: The data set of women's insomnia symptoms was obtained from publicly available data from the SWAN.

Do Biology Majors Differ from Non-STEM Majors?

Recent calls to action urge sweeping reform in science education, advocating for improved learning for students-including those majoring in fields beyond the sciences. However, little work has been done to characterize the differences-if any exist-between students planning a career in science and those studying other disciplines. We describe an attempt to clarify, in broad terms, how non-STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) majors differ from life sciences majors, and how they are similar.

Assessing attitudes and actions of pediatric dentists toward childhood obesity and sugar-sweetened beverages.

Objectives: Childhood obesity is a major US health concern, and oral health professionals have opportunities to participate in an interprofessional effort to intervene owing to their access to young patients and their abilities in addressing obesity-related dietary habits like consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). This study determined attitudes, behaviors, future intentions, and perceived barriers of pediatric dentists regarding efforts to prevent childhood obesity and reduce children's consumption of SSBs.

Methods: The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry conducted an online electronic survey with a convenience sample of approximately 7,450 pediatric dentists and pediatric dental residents during spring 2016.

It's not about you: a simple proposition for improving biology education.

THE Genetics Society of America's Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education recognizes significant and sustained impact on genetics education. Consistent with her philosophy of linking research and education, the 2014 Awardee Robin Wright includes undergraduate students in all of her research.

Minimal impact of organic chemistry prerequisite on student performance in introductory biochemistry.

Curriculum design assumes that successful completion of prerequisite courses will have a positive impact on student performance in courses that require the prerequisite. We recently had the opportunity to test this assumption concerning the relationship between completion of the organic chemistry prerequisite and performance in introductory biochemistry. We found no statistically significant differences between average biochemistry grades or grade distribution among students with or without the organic chemistry prerequisite.