A spatially explicit assessment of factors shaping attitudes toward African elephant conservation.

Conservation plans that explicitly account for the social landscape where people and wildlife co-occur can yield more effective and equitable conservation practices and outcomes. Yet, social data remain underutilized, often because social data are treated as aspatial or are analyzed with approaches that do not quantify uncertainty or address bias in self-reported data. We conducted a survey (questionnaires) of 177 households in a multiuse landscape in the Kenya-Tanzania borderlands.

Relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a cardiac mass: A case report.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common hematological malignancy in the USA. Extra-medullary disease is very rare and is not well characterized. In practice, clinically significant cardiac or pericardial involvement by CLL is extremely rare with only a few case reports in literature.

Opportunities to integrate herders' indicators into formal rangeland monitoring: an example from Mongolia.

Despite increasing calls for knowledge integration around the world, traditional knowledge is rarely used in formal, Western-science-based monitoring and resource management. To better understand indicators herders use and their relationship to researcher-measured indicators, we conducted in-depth field interviews with 26 herders in three ecological zones of Mongolia. We asked each herder to (1) assess the overall condition of three different sites located along a livestock-use gradient from their winter camp using a numeric scale, (2) describe the indicators they used in their assessment, and (3) explain what caused their pastures to remain healthy or become degraded.

Sex-specific patterns of reproductive senescence in a long-lived reintroduced raptor.

For many species, there is evidence that breeding performance changes as an individual ages. In iteroparous species, breeding performance often increases through early life and is expected to level out or even decline (senesce) later in life. An individual's sex and conditions experienced in early life may also affect breeding performance and how this changes with age.

Outpatient administration of BEAM conditioning prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma is safe, feasible, and cost-effective.

High-dose BEAM chemotherapy (BCNU, etoposide, Ara-C, and melphalan) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is frequently used as consolidative therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The BEAM regimen has traditionally been administered over 6 days in the hospital, with patients remaining hospitalized until hematologic recovery and clinical stability. In an effort to reduce the length of hospitalization for these patients, our institution has transitioned from inpatient (IP) to outpatient (OP) administration of BEAM conditioning.

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the vertebrae.

Purpose: To review records of 14 patients with aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) of the spine.

Methods: Using the Scottish Bone Tumour Registry for the period of October 1952 to November 2005, records of 9 females and 5 males aged 8 to 63 (mean, 25.3) years who had ABCs of the spine and were followed up for a mean of 7.

Use of eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in post-transplantation thrombocytopenia.

Persistent thrombocytopenia after stem cell transplantation can lead to increased morbidity and mortality [1,2]. The underlying causes are often multifactorial in this patient population [3,4]. In autologous transplantation, thrombocytopenia is usually a result of poor engraftment or a sign of impending disease relapse.

Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems.

Biodiversity in rangelands is decreasing, due to intense utilization for livestock production and conversion of rangeland into cropland; yet the outlook of rangeland biodiversity has not been considered in view of future global demand for food. Here we assess the impact of future livestock production on the global rangelands area and their biodiversity. First we formalized existing knowledge about livestock grazing impacts on biodiversity, expressed in mean species abundance (MSA) of the original rangeland native species assemblages, through metaanalysis of peer-reviewed literature.

Predictive factors for recurrence of simple bone cyst of the proximal humerus.

Purpose: To evaluate factors predictive of recurrence following curettage of simple bone cysts (SBCs) in the proximal humerus.

Methods: Records of 29 male and 3 female patients aged 3 to 22 (mean, 11) years who underwent curettage with or without bone grafting for a solitary SBC in the proximal humerus were reviewed. The appearance, size, location, activity level, and fracture pattern of each cyst were recorded.

Linking international agricultural research knowledge with action for sustainable development.

We applied an innovation framework to sustainable livestock development research projects in Africa and Asia. The focus of these projects ranged from pastoral systems to poverty and ecosystems services mapping to market access by the poor to fodder and natural resource management to livestock parasite drug resistance. We found that these projects closed gaps between knowledge and action by combining different kinds of knowledge, learning, and boundary spanning approaches; by providing all partners with the same opportunities; and by building the capacity of all partners to innovate and communicate.

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor arising in the soft tissue of the breast: report of a case.

Extraosseous manifestations of osteoclast-like giant cell tumors (OGCTs) in soft tissue are unusual, especially in the breast. However, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells have been described in association with epithelial malignancy, as a variant of breast carcinoma. We report a case of OGCT of the soft tissue of the breast, not associated with epithelial elements.

Management of Skin Toxicity Related to the Use of Imatinib Mesylate (STI571, Glivectrade mark) for Advanced Stage Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours.

Skin toxicity is a common side-effect of treatment with imatinib mesylate (STI571, Glivectrade mark) in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) and chronic myeloid leukaemia. The optimal duration of treatment with imatinib mesylate in GIST has not yet been established, as durable remissions have been observed in patients. It is, therefore, important to develop strategies to deal with common side-effects of what may be a long-term treatment.

Ewing's Sarcoma of the Upper Extremity: Presenting Symptoms, Diagnostic Delay and Outcome.

Purpose: To look at the presenting features, Enneking stage, size of primary tumour, method of treatment and patient and doctor delays in upper extremity Ewing's sarcoma to observe the effects on local recurrence, metastasis and survival.

Patients And Methods: Nineteen patients with upper extremity Ewing's sarcoma were identified using the Scottish Bone Tumour Registry over the past 40 years.

Results: With increasing tumour Enneking stage at presentation there was a significantly higher mortality (P=0.

Premonitory Pain Preceding Swelling: A Distinctive Clinical Presentation of Synovial Sarcoma which may Prompt Early Detection.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to document the unusual presentation of long-standing pain at the tumour site before development of a swelling in patients with synovial sarcoma.Patients/methods and results: The clinical presentation of 53 patients with synovial sarcoma was compared with 56 randomly selected patients with other sarcomas of the trunk and extremities. The two groups were similar with regard to age (P = 0.

Fumigation of wheat using liquid ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate in 50-tonne farm bins.

Australian Standard White wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (a marketing grade with mixed grain hardness),with a moisture content of 12.5% was fumigated with a new ethyl formate formulation (95% ethyl formate plus 5% methyl isothiocyanate) identified and developed by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

Imatinib in the management of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors associated with a germline KIT K642E mutation.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gut and are distinguished by expression of CD117 (c-Kit). Oncogenic mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA gene are detected in approximately 85% of sporadic GISTs. In recent years, examples of familial GIST have been reported in which germline mutations of KIT or PDGFRA result in multiple GISTs, skin disorders, and other abnormalities.

Land use change around protected areas: management to balance human needs and ecological function.

Protected areas throughout the world are key for conserving biodiversity, and land use is key for providing food, fiber, and other ecosystem services essential for human sustenance. As land use change isolates protected areas from their surrounding landscapes, the challenge is to identify management opportunities that maintain ecological function while minimizing restrictions on human land use. Building on the case studies in this Invited Feature and on ecological principles, we identify opportunities for regional land management that maintain both ecological function in protected areas and human land use options, including preserving crucial habitats and migration corridors, and reducing dependence of local human populations on protected area resources.

Tumours of the hand presenting as pathological fractures.

Tumours represent one of the important differential diagnoses that need to be considered while investigating fractures of the small bones of the hand, as this can sometimes be the sole or the first presenting complaint. We conducted a retrospective study of the Scottish Bone Tumour Registry, analysing the records of patients with hand tumours which primarily presented as pathological fractures. The registry held records of 233 patients with tumours involving the bones of the hand, of which 53 (22.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the foot and ankle: Forty years of experience from the Scottish bone tumor registry.

Fourteen cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the foot and ankle accrued from the Scottish Bone Tumor Registry are presented with an average follow-up of 4.6 years. This study analyzed the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features and investigated their clinical behavior and the factors influencing recurrence.

Clinicopathologic and molecular genetic characterization of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and cloning of a novel FUS/CREB3L1 fusion gene.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is an indolent, late-metastasizing malignant soft-tissue tumor that is often mistaken for either more benign or more malignant tumor types. Cytogenetic analyses have identified a recurrent balanced translocation t(7;16) (q32-34;p11), later shown by molecular genetic approaches to result in a FUS/CREB3L2 fusion gene. Whereas preliminary studies suggest that this gene rearrangement is specific for LGFMS, its incidence in this tumor type and the possible existence of variant fusion genes have not yet been addressed.

Prognostic factors associated with local recurrence, metastases, and tumor-related death in patients with synovial sarcoma.

Prognostic factors associated with local recurrence, metastases, and tumor-related death in synovial sarcoma were studied in 51 patients in the Scottish Bone Tumor Registry from 1955 to 1999. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of poorly differentiated (PD) areas was the strongest prognostic factor associated with local recurrence (Hazard ratio [HR] = 11.3, 95% CI 2.