Changes in atherogenic dyslipidemia induced by carbohydrate restriction in men are dependent on dietary protein source.

Previous studies have shown that multiple features of atherogenic dyslipidemia are improved by replacement of dietary carbohydrate with mixed sources of protein and that these lipid and lipoprotein changes are independent of dietary saturated fat content. Because epidemiological evidence suggests that red meat intake may adversely affect cardiovascular disease risk, we tested the effects of replacing dietary carbohydrate with beef protein in the context of high- vs. low-saturated fat intake in 40 healthy men.

Reversal of small, dense LDL subclass phenotype by normalization of adiposity.

Excess adiposity and high-carbohydrate diets have been associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (ALP) characterized by increased concentrations of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (pattern B). We tested whether weight loss and normalization of adiposity could reverse ALP in overweight men with pattern B. After consuming a moderate-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 3 weeks, pattern B and nonpattern B (pattern A) men were randomized to a weight loss (n = 60 and n = 36, respectively) or control weight-stable arm (n = 20 and n = 17, respectively).

Increased plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) during a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet are associated with increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III bound to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.

Background: Low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diets have been shown to increase plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and of triacylglycerol- rich lipoproteins (TRLs).

Objective: We tested whether increases in plasma Lp(a) induced by an LFHC diet are related to changes in TRLs.

Design: Healthy men (study 1; n = 140) consumed for 4 wk each a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HFLC; 40% fat, 45% carbohydrate) and an LFHC diet (20% fat, 65% carbohydrate).

Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Background: Low-carbohydrate diets have been used to manage obesity and its metabolic consequences.

Objective: The objective was to study the effects of moderate carbohydrate restriction on atherogenic dyslipidemia before and after weight loss and in conjunction with a low or high dietary saturated fat intake.

Design: After 1 wk of consuming a basal diet, 178 men with a mean body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 29.

Concordant lipoprotein and weight responses to dietary fat change in identical twins with divergent exercise levels 1.

Background: Individuals vary greatly in their lipoprotein responses to low-fat diets, with some of this variation being attributable to genes.

Objective: The purpose was to test the extent to which individual lipoprotein responses to diet can be attributed to genes in the presence of divergent exercise levels.

Design: Twenty-eight pairs of male monozygotic twins (one twin mostly sedentary, the other running an average of 50 km/wk more than the sedentary twin) went from a 6-wk 40%-fat diet to a 6-wk 20%-fat diet in a crossover design.