Jawline improvement using patient-specific angle implants with virtual planning in orthognathic surgery.

There has been a recent increase in the global demand for jawline augmentation. Managing angle definition in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery remains challenging owing to the characteristics of classic mandibular osteotomy, which mostly allows sagittal mandibular movements but cannot modify the ramus height. The advent of computer-assisted surgical planning and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing techniques for patient-specific implant fabrication has introduced new methods for jawline management.

Facial Painting and 3D Stereophotogrammetric Analysis of Facial Dynamics: A Reliable Anatomical Educational Method.

(1) : Accurate knowledge of the dynamic anatomy of facial muscles is crucial for the use of functional and aesthetic botulinum toxin injections. We studied the reliability and relevance of facial painting as a pedagogic tool for the dynamic anatomy of facial muscles. (2) : Different facial expressions were performed by a female model after a professional makeup artist applied makeup to the various facial muscles on her left hemiface.