Modelling the propagation of ultrasound in the joint space of a human knee.

There is strong evidence to support the clinical use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to augment fracture healing. A previous experimental study showed that ultrasound can propagate in the joint space of a single human cadaveric knee. A full experimental investigation of this propagation is not possible due to poor reproducibility, the scarcity of human cadaveric tissues and the practical difficulties in making ultrasound measurements in the knee.

The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on repair of epithelial cell monolayers in vitro.

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is widely used to accelerate tissue regeneration following injury, but the biological mechanisms of this effect are poorly understood. An in vitro model of epithelial wound healing was used to investigate the effect of LIPUS on the reepithelialization of scrape wounds in normal human urothelial (NHU) cell monolayers. The effects of clinical doses of ultrasound treatment on NHU cell growth and migration were investigated in cells grown under optimal conditions, without growth supplements and in media containing low vs.