A constrained mixture-micturition-growth (CMMG) model of the urinary bladder: Application to partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

We present a constrained mixture-micturition-growth (CMMG) model for the bladder. It simulates bladder mechanics, voiding function (micturition) and tissue adaptations in response to altered biomechanical conditions. The CMMG model is calibrated with both in vivo and in vitro data from healthy male rat urinary bladders (cystometry, bioimaging of wall structure, mechanical testing) and applied to simulate the growth and remodeling (G&R) response to partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has more than 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein enabling increased transmissibility and viral escape from antibodies in vaccinated individuals. It is unclear how vaccine immunity protects against Omicron infection. Here we show that vaccinated participants at a super-spreader event have robust recall response of humoral and pre-existing cellular immunity induced by the vaccines, and an emergent de novo T cell response to non-Spike antigens.

Oxygen delivery in pediatric cardiac surgery and its association with acute kidney injury using machine learning.

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a frequently reported complication. In this study we aimed to determine the oxygen delivery indexed to body surface area (Doi) threshold associated with postoperative AKI in pediatric patients during CPB, and whether it remains clinically important in the context of other known independent risk factors.

Methods: A single-institution, retrospective study, encompassing 396 pediatric patients, who underwent heart surgery between April 2019 and April 2021 was undertaken.

Uptake of baits by wild badgers: Influences of deployment method, badger age and activity patterns on potential delivery of an oral vaccine.

In parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland, the European badger is a wildlife host for Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis). Badger vaccination is one management option for reducing disease spread. Vaccination is currently achieved by parenteral vaccination of captured badgers, but an oral vaccine delivered in a bait may provide an additional approach in the future.

Exposure to bile and gastric juice can impact the aerodigestive microbiome in people with cystic fibrosis.

Studies of microbiota reveal inter-relationships between the microbiomes of the gut and lungs. This relationship may influence the progression of lung disease, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), who often experience extraoesophageal reflux (EOR). Despite identifying this relationship, it is not well characterised.

Using structured implementation interventions to improve referral to substance use treatment among justice-involved youth: Findings from a multisite cluster randomized trial.

Introduction: Youth involved in the justice system have high rates of alcohol and other drug use, but limited treatment engagement. JJ-TRIALS tested implementation activities with community supervision (CS) and behavioral health (BH) agencies to improve screening, identification of substance use service need, referral, and treatment initiation and engagement, guided by the BH Services Cascade and EPIS frameworks. This paper summarizes intervention impacts on referrals to treatment among youth on CS.

Reductive Amination for LC-MS Signal Enhancement and Confirmation of the Presence of Caribbean Ciguatoxin-1 in Fish.

Ciguatera poisoning is a global health concern caused by the consumption of seafood containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). Detection of CTXs poses significant analytical challenges due to their low abundance even in highly toxic fish, the diverse and in-part unclarified structures of many CTX congeners, and the lack of reference standards. Selective detection of CTXs requires methods such as liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or high-resolution MS (LC-HRMS).

Engineering the CuO-HfO interface toward enhanced CO electroreduction to CH.

We report significantly enhanced electrochemical CO reduction (ECR) to CH by tuning the interface of a metal oxide composite (CuO/HfO), enabling a CH faradaic efficiency as high as 62.6 ± 1.3% at 300 mA cm, in contrast to only 11.

An Enzyme with High Catalytic Proficiency Utilizes Distal Site Substrate Binding Energy to Stabilize the Closed State but at the Expense of Substrate Inhibition.

Understanding the factors that underpin the enormous catalytic proficiencies of enzymes is fundamental to catalysis and enzyme design. Enzymes are, in part, able to achieve high catalytic proficiencies by utilizing the binding energy derived from nonreacting portions of the substrate. In particular, enzymes with substrates containing a nonreacting phosphodianion group coordinated in a distal site have been suggested to exploit this binding energy primarily to facilitate a conformational change from an open inactive form to a closed active form, rather than to either induce ground state destabilization or stabilize the transition state.

Rural Access and Usage of Patient Portals: A 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey Analysis.

To examine differences in rural and urban respondents' use of and access to patient portals in the United States, this study used the 2019 National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5, Cycle 3. A cross-sectional secondary data analysis utilizing jackknife weighting procedures was used to generalize the findings to be nationally representative. Despite similar rates of providers maintaining an electronic medical record system, adjusted analyses found that rural respondents had lower odds of being offered access to a patient portal by their healthcare provider (OR: 0.

Testing Frequency Matters: An Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Rapid Antigen Test in US Correctional Facilities.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends serial rapid antigen assay collection within congregate facilities. Although modeling and observational studies from communities and long-term care facilities have shown serial collection provides adequate sensitivity and specificity, the accuracy within correctional facilities remains unknown.

Methods: Using Connecticut Department of Correction data from 21 November 2020 to 15 June 2021, we estimated the accuracy of a rapid assay, BinaxNOW (Abbott), under 3 collection strategies: single test collection and serial collection of 2 and 3 tests separated by 1-4 days.

Correction: Danner et al. It More than Adds Up: Interaction of Antibiotic Mixing and Temperature. 2021, , 1435.

The Authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

High concentrations of the anthelmintic diethylcarbamazine paralyze independently of TRP-2.

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) has been used to treat lymphatic filariasis in tropical countries since the 1940s. Its mode of action is still unclear, with several reports suggesting a host immune system-mediated mechanism. We previously demonstrated that DEC causes transient spastic paralysis in the filarial nematode due to the activation of TRP-2.

Race-specific prostate cancer outcomes in a cohort of low and favorable-intermediate risk patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy from 1990 to 2017.

Background: Previous research exploring the role of race on prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes has demonstrated greater rates of disease progression and poorer overall survival for African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) men. The current study examines self-reported race as a predictor of long-term PCa outcomes in patients with low and favorable-intermediate risk disease treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients who were consented to enrollment in the Center for Prostate Disease Research Multicenter National Database between January 01, 1990 and December 31, 2017.

Conscientious Objection: A Review of State Pharmacy Laws and Regulations.

Most states have adopted conscience clauses since the Roe v. Wade paradigm in the 1970s; however, not all clauses are respective to pharmacists. The purpose of this report is to quantify the presence of conscientious objection among US states with respect to pharmacist's right to refuse to dispense.

Chronic Stroke Sensorimotor Impairment Is Related to Smaller Hippocampal Volumes: An ENIGMA Analysis.

Background Persistent sensorimotor impairments after stroke can negatively impact quality of life. The hippocampus is vulnerable to poststroke secondary degeneration and is involved in sensorimotor behavior but has not been widely studied within the context of poststroke upper-limb sensorimotor impairment. We investigated associations between non-lesioned hippocampal volume and upper limb sensorimotor impairment in people with chronic stroke, hypothesizing that smaller ipsilesional hippocampal volumes would be associated with greater sensorimotor impairment.

Achieving Ultrahigh-Rate Planar and Dendrite-Free Zinc Electroplating for Aqueous Zinc Battery Anodes.

Despite being one of the most promising candidates for grid-level energy storage, practical aqueous zinc batteries are limited by dendrite formation, which leads to significantly compromised safety and cycling performance. In this study, by using single-crystal Zn-metal anodes, reversible electrodeposition of planar Zn with a high capacity of 8 mAh cm can be achieved at an unprecedentedly high current density of 200 mA cm . This dendrite-free electrode is well maintained even after prolonged cycling (>1200 cycles at 50 mA cm ).

General dental practitioners' knowledge and attitudes on children's pain and pain management-A questionnaire survey.

The aim was to study general dental practitioners' knowledge and attitudes on pain and pain management in children and adolescents, using a multidimensional questionnaire. There is little information on dentists' views on pain in children. The research question was how attitudes and knowledge may correlate to the dentists' age, sex, years of professional experience, the proportion of working time devoted to treating children and adolescents, as well as being a parent.

species infecting maize and other grass species in the Americas represents a complex of closely related species.

The genus contains numerous obligate fungal parasites that produce raised, melanized structures called stromata on their plant hosts referred to as tar spot. Members of this genus are known to infect many grass species but generally do not cause significant damage or defoliation, with the exception of . which has emerged as an important pathogen of maize throughout the Americas, but the origin of this pathogen remains unknown.

Incidence of collagenous colitis in NHS Lothian: a population-based study.

Objective: Increases in incidence of collagenous colitis (CC) have been documented across Europe; however, previous data from NHS Lothian (1998-2003) demonstrated this to be a low-prevalence area. We aimed to assess incidence of CC in NHS Lothian over time by comparing a more recent cohort (2013-2018) with our existing cohort.

Methods: All histologically confirmed diagnoses of CC between 2013 and 2018 were obtained from the NHS Lothian colorectal pathology department (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh).

Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine in people living with and without HIV-1 infection: a randomised, controlled, phase 2A/2B trial.

Background: There is a paucity of data on COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV-1, who could be at increased risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a Matrix-M adjuvanted recombinant spike protein nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373; Novavax) in HIV-negative people and people living with HIV-1.

Methods: In this randomised, observer-blinded, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 2A/B trial in South Africa, participants aged 18-84 years, with and without underlying HIV-1, were enrolled from 16 sites and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two intramuscular injections of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo, 21 days apart.