Short-term high-calorie high-fat feeding induces hyperinsulinemia and blunts skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow in healthy humans.

Skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) plays an important role in glucose disposal in muscle. Impairments in muscle MBF contribute to insulin resistance and prediabetes. Animal studies show that short-term (3 day) high-fat feeding blunts skeletal muscle MBF before impairing insulin-stimulated glucose disposal.

A Prospective, Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Patients With Structural Heart Disease Related Ventricular Tachycardia: The CAAD-VT Trial Protocol.

Importance: Randomised trials have shown that catheter ablation (CA) is superior to medical therapy for ventricular tachycardia (VT) largely in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Whether this translates to patients with all forms and stages of structural heart disease (SHD-e.g.

Self-efficacy and oral health outcomes in a regional Australian Aboriginal population.

Background: Perceived self-efficacy has been associated with psychological well-being, health behaviours and health outcomes. Little is known about the influence of self-efficacy on oral health outcomes for Aboriginal adults in Australia, a population experiencing high levels of oral health conditions. This study examines associations between oral health-related self-efficacy and oral health outcomes in a regional Aboriginal Australian population and investigates whether the associations persist after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other general and oral health-related psychosocial factors.

Impaired postprandial adipose tissue microvascular blood flow responses to a mixed-nutrient meal in first-degree relatives of adults with type 2 diabetes.

Adipose tissue microvascular blood flow (MBF) is stimulated postprandially to augment delivery of nutrients and hormones to adipocytes. Adipose tissue MBF is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether healthy individuals at-risk of T2D show similar impairments is unknown.

Is vascular insulin resistance an early step in diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance?

There is increasing evidence that skeletal muscle microvascular (capillary) blood flow plays an important role in glucose metabolism by increasing the delivery of glucose and insulin to the myocytes. This process is impaired in insulin-resistant individuals. Studies suggest that in diet-induced insulin-resistant rodents, insulin-mediated skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is impaired post-short-term high fat feeding, and this occurs before the development of myocyte or whole-body insulin resistance.

Impact of device length on electrogram sensing in miniaturized insertable cardiac monitors.

Background: Little data exists on electrogram sensing in current generation of miniaturized insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs).

Objective: To compare the sensing capability of ICM with different vector length: Medtronic Reveal LINQ (~40 mm) vs. Biotronik Biomonitor III (BM-III, ~70 mm).

Autonomic Afferent Dysregulation in Atrial Fibrillation.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the role of cardiac afferent reflexes in atrial fibrillation (AF).

Background: Efferent autonomic tone is not associated with atrial remodeling and AF persistence. However, the role of cardiac afferents is unknown.

Oral and intravenous glucose administration elicit opposing microvascular blood flow responses in skeletal muscle of healthy people: role of incretins.

Insulin infusion increases skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) in healthy people but is impaired during insulin resistance. However, we have shown that eliciting insulin secretion via oral glucose loading in healthy people impairs muscle MBF, whilst others have demonstrated intravenous glucose infusion stimulates MBF. We aimed to show that the route of glucose administration (oral versus intravenous) influences muscle MBF, and explore potential gut-derived hormones that may explain these divergent responses.

Oral health-related self-efficacy and fatalism in a regional South Australian Aboriginal population.

Objectives: To assess the psychometric properties, including face, content, criterion and known-groups validity and reliability, of scales to measure oral health-related self-efficacy and fatalism in a regional Aboriginal adult population in Australia.

Methods: Four hundred Aboriginal adults (aged 18-82 years, 67% female) completed a self-report questionnaire including items pertaining to oral health-related self-efficacy and fatalism. Structural validity was determined in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal components analysis for each scale.

Self-rated oral and general health among Aboriginal adults in regional South Australia.

Background: In Australia, Aboriginal adults experience higher levels of poor oral and general health than the non-Aboriginal population. This study compared self-rated oral and general health among Aboriginal adults in regional South Australia with participants in the National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH).

Methods: Data were obtained from the Indigenous Oral Health Literacy Project (IOHLP) based in South Australia.

Impaired postprandial skeletal muscle vascular responses to a mixed meal challenge in normoglycaemic people with a parent with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Microvascular blood flow (MBF) increases in skeletal muscle postprandially to aid in glucose delivery and uptake in muscle. This vascular action is impaired in individuals who are obese or have type 2 diabetes. Whether MBF is impaired in normoglycaemic people at risk of type 2 diabetes is unknown.

Rationale and design of the IRON-AF study: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with atrial fibrillation and iron deficiency.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significantly impaired quality-of-life. Iron deficiency (ID) is prevalent in patients with AF. Correction of ID in other patient populations with intravenous iron supplementation has been shown to be a safe, convenient and effective way of improving exercise tolerance, fatigue and quality-of-life.

Self-Rated Oral Health and Associated Factors among an Adult Population in Rural India-An Epidemiological Study.

Background: To determine the perception of oral health status and its associated factors among adults living in rural areas in Karnataka state, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the age group of 35-54 years old residing in villages in a southern state in India. The main outcome measure was poor self-rated oral health (SROH) among adults in rural India.

Left atrial, pulmonary vein, and left atrial appendage anatomy in Indigenous individuals: Implications for atrial fibrillation.

Background: Indigenous Australians experience a greater burden of AF. Whether this is in-part due to differences in arrhythmogenic structures that appear to contribute to AF differences amongst other ethnicities is not known.

Methods: We studied forty individuals matched for ethnicity and other AF risk factors.

Liver alanine catabolism promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.

Both obesity and sarcopenia are frequently associated in ageing, and together may promote the progression of related conditions such as diabetes and frailty. However, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this association. Here we show that systemic alanine metabolism is linked to glycaemic control.

Atrial Fibrillation in Remote Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Individuals Hospitalised in Central Australia.

Background: The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) amongst Indigenous populations remains poorly characterised. We studied hospitalisations for AF in Central Australia, the most populous Indigenous region in the country.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of AF admitted to Alice Springs Hospital, the only secondary health care facility and provider of cardiac care in remote Central Australia, were identified from 2006 to 2016.

Prior exercise enhances skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow and mitigates microvascular flow impairments induced by a high-glucose mixed meal in healthy young men.

Key Points: Exercise, insulin-infusion and low-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingestion increases muscle microvascular blood flow which in part facilitates glucose delivery and disposal. In contrast, high-glucose ingestion impairs muscle microvascular blood flow which may contribute to impaired postprandial metabolism. We investigated the effects of prior cycling exercise on postprandial muscle microvascular blood flow responses to a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingested 3 and 24 h post-exercise.

Predictors of Anticoagulation Use in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians With Atrial Fibrillation.

Objective: Prior studies have demonstrated that anticoagulation underutilisation for atrial fibrillation (AF) and elevated stroke risk is common. However, there is little data on factors associated with appropriate anticoagulation, particularly in Indigenous Australians who face a disproportionate burden of AF and stroke. We thus sought to determine factors associated with anticoagulation use in Australians with AF.

National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017-18: root caries.

Background: The prevalence of root caries in Australia is expected to increase due to an ageing population and increase in tooth retention. This report presents findings from the Australian National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017-18.

Methods: A stratified random sample of 15 731 Australians aged ≥15 years participated in a telephone or online survey.

Dental fluorosis in the Australian adult population.

Background: The use of fluoride involves a balance between protection against caries and risk of dental fluorosis. Prevalence and trend of dental fluorosis in the adult population are not frequently reported.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the Australian adult population.

Oral epidemiological examination - protocol: the National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017-18.

The National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) 2017-18 aimed to collect data on population oral health status of the Australian adult population. This complex nation-wide project required reliable data collection procedures. The NSAOH 2017-18 Oral Epidemiological Examination Protocol has been developed based on internationally accepted examination procedures.