Comprehensive Biotransformation Analysis of Phenylalanine-Tyrosine Metabolism Reveals Alternative Routes of Metabolite Clearance in Nitisinone-Treated Alkaptonuria.

Metabolomic analyses in alkaptonuria (AKU) have recently revealed alternative pathways in phenylalanine-tyrosine (phe-tyr) metabolism from biotransformation of homogentisic acid (HGA), the active molecule in this disease. The aim of this research was to study the phe-tyr metabolic pathway and whether the metabolites upstream of HGA, increased in nitisinone-treated patients, also undergo phase 1 and 2 biotransformation reactions. Metabolomic analyses were performed on serum and urine from patients partaking in the SONIA 2 phase 3 international randomised-controlled trial of nitisinone in AKU (EudraCT no.

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on genitourinary and prostate cancer care and clinical trials: A qualitative exploration of the Australian and New Zealand experience.

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic from March to November 2020 on healthcare delivery and clinical trials for genitourinary (GU) cancers in Australia.

Methods: Annually a pre-conference workshop is hosted by the Australian New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group for supportive care health professionals. In November 2020, those that selected to attend were invited to participate in a focus group.

The diversity of invertebrate visual opsins spanning Protostomia, Deuterostomia, and Cnidaria.

Across eumetazoans, the ability to perceive and respond to visual stimuli is largely mediated by opsins, a family of proteins belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superclass. Lineage-specific gains and losses led to a striking diversity in the numbers, types, and spectral sensitivities conferred by visual opsin gene expression. Here, we review the diversity of visual opsins and differences in opsin gene expression from well-studied protostome, invertebrate deuterostome, and cnidarian groups.

Benefits and harms adopted by health economic assessments evaluating antenatal and newborn screening programmes in OECD countries: A systematic review of 336 articles and reports.

Background: Health economic assessments are used to determine whether the resources needed to generate net benefit from a screening programme, driven by multiple complex benefits and harms, are justifiable. We systematically identified the benefits and harms incorporated within economic assessments evaluating antenatal and newborn screening programmes.

Methods: For this systematic review and thematic analysis, we searched the published and grey literature from January 2000 to January 2021.

Tc-methylene diphosphonate SPECT/CT imaging of gout spondylitis: a case report.

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging of the gouty spine is rare. We describe a 66-year-old man who presented with pain and numbness in the right lower leg; he reported a 2-month history of intermittent low back pain. Imaging revealed neoplastic lesions of the spine, which were initially regarded as tumors.

Insight into the regulatory networks underlying the high lipid perennial ryegrass growth under different irradiances.

Under favourable conditions, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) engineered to accumulated high lipid (HL) carbon sink in their leaves was previously shown to also enhance photosynthesis and growth. The greater aboveground biomass was found to be diminished in a dense canopy compared to spaced pots. Besides, the underlying genetic regulatory network linking between leaf lipid sinks and these physiological changes remains unknown.

Fighting for recovery on multiple fronts: The past, present, and future of clinical trials for spinal cord injury.

Through many decades of preclinical research, great progress has been achieved in understanding the complex nature of spinal cord injury (SCI). Preclinical research efforts have guided and shaped clinical trials, which are growing in number by the year. Currently, 1,149 clinical trials focused on improving outcomes after SCI are registered in the U.

An alternative angiosperm DGAT1 topology and potential motifs in the N-terminus.

The highly variable cytoplasmic N-terminus of the plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has been shown to have roles in oligomerization as well as allostery; however, the biological significance of the variation within this region is not understood. Comparing the coding sequences over the variable N-termini revealed the Poaceae DGAT1s contain relatively high GC compositional gradients as well as numerous direct and inverted repeats in this region. Using a variety of reciprocal chimeric DGAT1s from angiosperms we show that related N-termini had similar effects (positive or negative) on the accumulation of the recombinant protein in .

Mining logical circuits in fungi.

Living substrates are capable for nontrivial mappings of electrical signals due to the substrate nonlinear electrical characteristics. This property can be used to realise Boolean functions. Input logical values are represented by amplitude or frequency of electrical stimuli.

Analysis of Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines Experienced by Healthcare Workers at Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital, China.

Objective: A retrospective survey was conducted of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) experienced by health care workers (HCWs) in a relatively remote ethnic region in southwest China (Guizhou Province) who received COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: From 18 January 2021 to 21 January 2022, all HCWs of Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital, China, who received at least one dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cell), recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (CHO cell), or one dose of adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccine were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire to provide information on any adverse events that may have occurred in the first 3 days after injection. The frequency of AEFI corresponding to the three types of vaccines were compared and the potential risks of AEFI due to the three different vaccines were predicted by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Utility of healthcare-worker-targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions in hospitals of low- and lower-middle-income countries: a scoping review of systematic reviews.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives in hospitals often include the implementation of clustered intervention components to improve the surveillance and targeting of antibiotics. However, impacts of the individual components of AMS interventions are not well known, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs).

Objective: A scoping review was conducted to summarize evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) on the impact of common hospital-implemented healthcare-worker-targeted components of AMS interventions that may be appropriate for LLMICs.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and gender diverse and queer (LGBTQ) community members' perspectives on palliative care in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and gender diverse people, and queer people (LGBTQ people) are at increased risk of some chronic diseases and cancers. NSW Health palliative care health policy prioritises equitable access to quality care, however, little is known about community members' perspectives on palliative care. This study aimed to understand LGBTQ community views and preferences in palliative care in NSW.

Rapid COVID-19 Testing and On-site Case Investigation and Contact Tracing in an Underresourced Area of Salt Lake City, Utah, December 2020-April 2021.

This case study describes how we paired free SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing with on-site case investigation and contact tracing at a drive-through site in an underresourced area of Salt Lake City. Residents of this area had lower rates of employment and health insurance and higher rates of poverty than in the Utah general population. People were given an option to remain on-site and wait until their test results were ready.

Affective Experience and Regulation via Sleep, Touch, and "Sleep-Touch" Among Couples.

Touch associated with sleep (; reported physical contact during or shortly before/after sleep) is underexplored as a distinct contributor to affect regulatory processes associated with adult sleep. Given the affect-regulating effects of interpersonal touch, we theorized that among healthy co-sleeping adults, sleep-touch would add to sleep-related effects on affective "resetting," resulting in the experience of calmer, more regulated states. We studied 210 married heterosexual couples (aged 20-67 years, 79% non-Hispanic white, 13% Latinx) assigned 14 days of twice-daily (morning/evening) sleep/mood diaries.

Panton-Valentine leucocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus: a clinical review.

Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) is a virulence factor produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Through its cytolytic action on the cell membranes of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, PVL causes a range of pathologies collectively known as PVL-SA disease. The hallmark clinical signs of PVL-SA are recurrent boils and necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in otherwise healthy patients; however, it can lead to more severe and invasive presentations, including necrotizing haemorrhagic pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis and purpura fulminans.

Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up of Familial Pancreatic Cancer Kindreds.

Background: A family history of pancreatic cancer is associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk. However, risk estimates for individuals in kindreds with an aggregation of pancreatic cancer (>1 relative) are imprecise because of small samples sizes or potentially impacted by biases inherent in retrospective data.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the age-specific pancreatic cancer risk as a function of family history using prospective data.

Morphometric and Genetic Description of Trophic Adaptations in Cichlid Fishes.

Since Darwin, biologists have sought to understand the evolution and origins of phenotypic adaptations. The skull is particularly diverse due to intense natural selection on feeding biomechanics. We investigated the genetic and molecular origins of trophic adaptation using Lake Malawi cichlids, which have undergone an exemplary evolutionary radiation.

Tailoring cultural offers to meet the needs of older people during uncertain times: a rapid realist review.

Background: Non-medical issues (e.g. loneliness, financial concerns, housing problems) can shape how people feel physically and psychologically.

Endoplasmic stress-inducing variants in carboxyl ester lipase and pancreatic cancer risk.

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing variants in several pancreatic secretory enzymes have been associated with pancreatic disease. Multiple variants in CEL, encoding carboxyl ester lipase, are known to cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY8) but have not been implicated in pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods: The prevalence of ER stress-inducing variants in the CEL gene was compared among pancreatic cancer cases vs.

Experiences of treatment-resistant mental health conditions in primary care: a systematic review and thematic synthesis.

Background: Most adults fail to achieve remission from common mental health conditions based on pharmacological treatment in primary care alone. There is no data synthesising the reasons. This review addresses this gap through a systematic review and thematic synthesis to understand adults' experiences using primary care for treatment-resistant mental health conditions (TRMHCs).

An International Study Evaluating Elemental Analysis.

Based on statistical analysis of CHN combustion results of 18 international service providers, it is determined that the ±0.4% deviation most commonly required by chemistry journals is not justified.

Monkeypox: key pointers for dermatologists.

The current monkeypox epidemic is a major public health concern as the global outbreak continues to grow. We present a case report to highlight the salient points for dermatologists. Human monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus, belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus and is a close relative of the variola virus.

Experiences of empathy training in healthcare: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Objective: To synthesise qualitative studies reporting student, practitioner, or patient experiences of empathy-training in healthcare.

Methods: We included qualitative studies exploring (i) student or practitioner experiences of empathy training, or (ii) patient experiences of being treated by someone who has undergone empathy training. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool to assess study quality.