Single-cell Rapid Capture Hybridization sequencing to reliably detect isoform usage and coding mutations in targeted genes.

Single-cell long-read sequencing has transformed our understanding of isoform usage and the mutation heterogeneity between cells. Despite unbiased in-depth analysis, the low sequencing throughput often results in insufficient read coverage thereby limiting our ability to perform mutation calling for specific genes. Here, we developed a single-cell Rapid Capture Hybridization sequencing (scRaCH-seq) method that demonstrated high specificity and efficiency in capturing targeted transcripts using long-read sequencing, allowing an in-depth analysis of mutation status and transcript usage for genes of interest.

Early Identification of Language Disorders Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Challenges and Emerging Approaches.

Purpose: Recent advances in artificial intelligence provide opportunities to capture and represent complex features of human language in a more automated manner, offering potential means of improving the efficiency of language assessment. This review article presents computerized approaches for the analysis of narrative language and identification of language disorders in children.

Method: We first describe the current barriers to clinicians' use of language sample analysis, narrative language sampling approaches, and the data processing stages that precede analysis.

Emergency and postoperative access to critical and enhanced care: a multicentre prospective observational study.

Introduction: The ability to admit patients to enhanced or critical care may be limited by bed availability. In a network with low provision of critical and enhanced care beds, we aimed to assess the proportion of patients having surgery with moderate (1%-< 5%) or high (≥ 5%) predicted risk of 30-day postoperative mortality and their postoperative care location. We also aimed to study referral and admission outcomes to critical care.

Oxidative Phosphorylation is a Metabolic Vulnerability of Endocrine Therapy-Tolerant Persister Cells in ER+ Breast Cancer.

Despite adjuvant treatment with endocrine therapies, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers recur in a significant proportion of patients. Recurrences are attributable to clinically undetectable endocrine-tolerant persister cancer cells that retain tumor-forming potential. Therefore, strategies targeting such persister cells may prevent recurrent disease.

Evaluating an urgent care antibiotic stewardship intervention: a multi-network collaborative effort.

Objective: Urgent care centers (UCCs) have reported high rates of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections. Prior UCC studies have generally been limited to single networks. Broadly generalizable stewardship efforts targeting common diagnoses are needed.

No Bridge between Us: EXAFS and Computations Confirm Two Distant Iron Ions Comprise the Active Site of Alkane Monooxygenase (AlkB).

Alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) is the dominant enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of liquid alkanes in the environment. Two recent structural models derived from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reveal an unusual active site: a histidine-rich center that binds two iron ions without a bridging ligand. To ensure that potential photoreduction and radiation damage are not responsible for the absence of a bridging ligand in the cryo-EM structures, spectroscopic methods are needed.

Longitudinal prevalence and co-carriage of pathogens associated with nursing home acquired pneumonia in three long-term care facilities.

Nursing home acquired pneumonia (NHAP), and its subset - aspiration-associated pneumonia, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Understanding colonization dynamics of respiratory pathogens in LTCF residents is essential for effective infection control. This study examines the longitudinal trends in prevalence, persistence, bacterial load, and co-colonization patterns of five respiratory pathogens in three LTCFs in Phoenix, Arizona.

Assessment of disease impact through health-related quality of life measurement in primary progressive aphasia.

Introduction: Measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are important for capturing disease impact beyond physical health and relative to other diseases but have rarely been assessed in primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methods: HRQoL was characterized overall, by sex and subtype in PPA ( = 118) using the Health Utilities Index-2/3 (HUI2/3). Multiple linear regression assessed associations between HRQoL and language severity.

Adipose tissue eQTL meta-analysis highlights the contribution of allelic heterogeneity to gene expression regulation and cardiometabolic traits.

Complete characterization of the genetic effects on gene expression is needed to elucidate tissue biology and the etiology of complex traits. In the present study, we analyzed 2,344 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and identified 34,774 conditionally distinct expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) signals at 18,476 genes. Over half of eQTL genes exhibited at least two eQTL signals.

Timing of depression in relation to risk of ovarian cancer.

Objective: Several studies have suggested that depression may be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. Less is known about whether timing matters regarding when depression occurs. To provide evidence for an etiologically relevant exposure period, we examined depression occurring during the time in which precursor lesions develop and progress to invasive carcinoma with risk of developing ovarian cancer.

To Change or Not to Change: Perceptions and Experiential Knowledge of Tennis Coaches When Modifying Grip Technique.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiential knowledge of tennis coaches as it related to the development of grip positions in tennis athletes. Accredited tennis coaches (n = 11) completed semi-structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions about their coaching background, the importance of grip positions compared with other areas of foundational development, and their opinions on using physically-constraining tools (PCTs). Two major themes, "Grip positions are an adaptive skill" and "Why and how do I modify an athlete's grip?", were identified.

Exposure to the Polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 elicits neurological and cardiac developmental effects in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The goal of this study was to compare the bioaccumulation of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 in zebrafish to cardiac and neurologic outcomes. The establishment of effect concentrations (ECs) for cardiac and neurotoxic effects of PCBs in early life stage fish is challenging due to a lack of measured PCB concentrations in test media (e.g.

Characteristics and management of eosinophilic esophagitis in Australasian children: a decade of experience.

Background: The frequency of EoE has been increasing in Northern Hemisphere cohorts, yet there is a scarcity of data in our region. Regional climatic factors, and lifestyle habits may influence the presentation of EoE, and appropriate management is crucial to prevent complications. WIth this is mind we undertook the first comprehensive multisite study of EoE in Australasian children.

Developing and disseminating an electronic penicillin allergy de-labelling tool using the model for improvement framework.

Background: Many clinicians feel uncomfortable with de-labelling penicillin allergies despite ample safety data. Point of care tools effectively support providers with de-labelling. This study's objective was to increase the number of providers intending to pursue a penicillin oral challenge by 15% by February 2023.

Racial Differences in Device-Detected Incident Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Prior research suggests Black individuals have a lower risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) than White individuals, but this may be related to the underdetection of AF. Whether this trend persists using highly sensitive methods of AF diagnosis has not been well-studied.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to use cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) capable of AF diagnosis to compare AF incidence between Black and White individuals.

Role of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nitrosative stress in regulating sex differences in secondary lymphedema.

Secondary lymphedema is a common complication following surgical treatment of solid tumors. Although more prevalent in women due to higher breast cancer rates, men also develop lymphedema, often with more severe manifestations. Despite these differences in clinical presentation, the cellular mechanisms underlying sex differences are poorly understood.

In Operando Optical Analysis of Electrolyte Colour Change and Its Correlation to Capacity Fade in Li-Ion Cells at Elevated Temperatures.

The existing body of research on battery state of health has identified various degradation modes for the electrolyte, yet very few studies have explored the role of electrolyte colour changes as a diagnostic tool for state of health (SOH). This study investigates the impact of elevated temperatures and its correlation with electrolyte colour changes and capacity fade during cycling. Specifically, the research examines whether cycling cells at elevated temperatures induces noticeable changes in electrolyte colour and whether these changes can be linked to the SOH of the cells.

An alternate route for cellulose microfibril biosynthesis in plants.

Similar to cellulose synthases (CESAs), cellulose synthase-like D (CSLD) proteins synthesize β-1,4-glucan in plants. CSLDs are important for tip growth and cytokinesis, but it was unknown whether they form membrane complexes in vivo or produce microfibrillar cellulose. We produced viable CESA-deficient mutants of the moss to investigate CSLD function without interfering CESA activity.

Independent SAGE as an example of effective public dialogue on scientific research.

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020 and then a pandemic on 11 March 2020. In early 2020, a group of UK scientists volunteered to provide the public with up-to-date and transparent scientific information. The group formed the Independent Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (Independent SAGE) and provided live weekly briefings to the public via YouTube.

Modeling the distribution and progression of motor ability among children with cerebral palsy: An analysis of three reference centile sets.

Background: Reference centiles describing gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are used in clinical and research settings to guide treatments and evaluate interventions. However, it is unknown how existing references generalize to populations in novel settings.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal performance of three reference centiles to describe the motor function of children with CP aged 2-12 years at a large urban US pediatric hospital through a retrospective observational study.

Draft genome sequences of sp. MMG031 and sp. MMG032 isolated from the dinoflagellate .

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of sp. MMG031 and sp. MMG032, isolated from coral-associated dinoflagellate , assembled and analyzed by undergraduate students participating in a Marine Microbial Genomics (MMG) course.

Geographic Variation in Prosthesis Prescription Disparities Between White and Black Veterans After Major Lower Limb Amputation: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Objective: To examine racial disparities in lower limb prosthesis (LLP) prescription practices between White and Black veterans across different geographic levels within the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and explore how racial disparities in LLP prescription practices differ by amputation level.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: VHA facilities across the United States.