"I'm better than you": assessing the presence of optimistic bias among Italian hunters.

According to the latest scientific evidence, consumers appreciate hunted wild game meat (HWGM), but its consumption may expose them to some risks. Hunters produce HWGM, even if they may find it hard to identify themselves as food producers since in Western countries, hunting is practiced mostly as a leisure activity. Thus, hunters may underestimate the risk associated with HWGM handling, failing to preserve its safety during the production process.

Unintentional Recovery of Parasitic Diversity Following Restoration of Red Deer () in North-Western Italy.

Red deer () populations in north-western Italy have been remodeled in recent decades. Multiple translocations and the spontaneous migration from Switzerland and France resulted in the successful redistribution of the red deer after human-driven extirpation during the 18th century. The scarcely diverse parasitic community harbored by these cervids has been enriched with two species-specific taxa, and , suggesting that the recovery of parasitic biodiversity could be included amongst future conservation goals of this intensively managed game.

A Multiple Emergency Ventilator as Backup Solution in Pandemic: A Specifically Designed and Dimensioned Device.

To provide a Multiple Emergency Ventilator (MEV) as backup in case of shortage of ICU ventilators and for use in camp hospitals. MEV provides the same oxygen mixture and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) to 10 patients. These specifications were fixed: i) gas supply and plugs to double-limb intubation sets compatible to existing systems; ii) fluid-dynamics with no pressure drop and almost complete patients' uncoupling; iii) individual monitoring of inspiratory and expiratory pressures and flows and control of their timing; iv) easy stocking, transport, installation with self-supporting pipes.

Information Survey on the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are generally considered non-scientific and poor effective therapies. Nevertheless, CAMs are extensively used in common clinical practice in Western countries. We decided to promote a Delphi consensus to intercept the opinion of Italian physicians on CAM use in clinical practice.

Detection of Zoonotic in Alpine Wild Ruminants.

is a widespread apicomplexan protozoan of major zoonotic importance, characterized by a wide host range, and with relevant economic implications and potential negative effects on livestock and wildlife population dynamics. Considering the recent strong demographic increase of alpine ungulates, in this study, carried out in the Italian Northwestern Alps, we investigated the occurrence of spp. in these species and their potential involvement in environmental contamination with spp.

Disentangling Individual Phases in the Hunted vs. Farmed Meat Supply Chain: Exploring Hunters' Perceptions in Italy.

The growing body of literature concerning the hunted wild game meat (HWGM) supply chain is mainly focused on the final consumer, while little is known about upstream production processes. Even though the hunter plays a central role here, it is not well understood how hunters themselves perceive their role in the various phases of the production process. The present study explores Italian hunters' perception of the HWGM supply chain and compares it to their perception towards the conventional farmed meat supply chain.

Early Joint Replacement in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Trend Over Time and Factors Influencing Implant Survival.

Objective: To describe early prosthesis implantations in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) followed in a tertiary referral hospital and to analyze possible factors influencing implant survival.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Charts of all patients with JIA who underwent total joint replacement at Gaetano Pini Hospital, Milan, Italy from January 1992 to June 2019 were retrieved, and relevant data were analyzed.

Low Serologic Prevalences Suggest Sporadic Infections of Hepatitis E Virus in Chamois () and Red Deer () in the Italian Alps.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a worldwide public health concern, with an increase in human autochthonous cases in Europe. Although domestic pigs and wild boar () are the main reservoirs of HEV, the constant expansion of wild ruminants increases the potential for HEV transmission. We investigated HEV infection in chamois () and red deer () in the Italian Alps using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Presence of organic halogenated compounds, organophosphorus insecticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat of different game animal species from an Italian subalpine area.

The exposure to several compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is a public health issue. The European Union (EU) recommended that its member states monitor the presence of emerging contaminants, like PBDEs and PFASs, in food and in the environment to obtain an accurate estimation of exposure. The tissues of wild animals exposed to these compounds can represent a suitable indicator of environmental pollution.

Quality parameters of hunted game meat: Sensory analysis and pH monitoring.

The aim of the present research is to propose a new, quick and objective method for the certification of hunted and/or culled wild game meat quality and to monitor its origin and the hunting practices adopted by hunters. The expected deliverable is a new labelling scheme for Italian hunted wild game meat that will guarantee high quality and safety standards for consumers and will decrease transaction costs of the supply chains. During the 2015, 2016 and 2017 hunting seasons, 1,056 hunted wild ungulates were sampled.

Host range of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 widening to alpine chamois.

Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRV) type 3 have been recently identified in human and several animal hosts, highlighting the apparent lack of species barriers. Here we report the identification and genetic characterization of MRVs strains in alpine chamois, one of the most abundant wild ungulate in the Alps. Serological survey was also performed by MRV neutralization test in chamois population during five consecutive years (2008-2012).

Consumer preferences for red deer meat: a discrete choice analysis considering attitudes towards wild game meat and hunting.

This study aims to analyse consumer preferences for red deer meat (RDM) (Cervus elaphus) by conducting a case study in northern Italy. This analysis considers how the attitudes of consumers towards wild game meat and hunting might influence such preferences. This goal is achieved by combining the results of a k-means clustering analysis of the attitudes collected by means of two valuation scales with a discrete choice experiment (CE).

Ticks and bacterial tick-borne pathogens in Piemonte region, Northwest Italy.

A molecular screening for tick-borne pathogens was carried out in engorged and in questing ticks collected in Verbano Cusio Ossola county, Piemonte region, Italy. Engorged ticks were removed from wild and domestic animal hosts. The most abundant and common tick species in the area was Ixodes ricinus (192 adults, 907 nymphs).

Good mid- to long-term THA outcomes with a modified cementless rectangular biconical stem design.

Purpose: Second- and third-generation cementless Zweymüller stems have achieved good long-term outcomes in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The PPF cementless proximal press-fit femoral stem (Biomet Inc.) is based on the Zweymüller stem, with some prominent design differences.

Spread and genotype of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra).

The complex life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii involves many animal species, raising zoonotic, economic, and conservation issues. This complexity is reflected in the molecular structure of T. gondii, whose different genotypes differ in pathogenicity.

Clonal diversity, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from nasal cavities and soft tissue infections in wild ruminants in Italian Alps.

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and a pathogenic bacterium that causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals with a high impact on public health and the livestock industry. S. aureus virulence pattern, antimicrobial resistance profile and host specialization are of great concern both in livestock and in companion animals.

Non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cardiovascular risk.

NSAIDs are largely used for the treatment of a huge variety of clinical conditions in order to relieve symptoms related to inflammation.The use of NSAIDs is associated with a potential increased risk of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular complications.The cardiovascular risk related to NSAIDs administration is often underestimated and it is frequently believed to be less important than the gastrointestinal risk.

A systematic literature review of the Profix in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Despite more than a decade of use, there are currently no comprehensive reviews summarising clinical results with the Profix Total Knee System in primary total knee arthroplasty. Searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases revealed 17 potentially relevant Profix manuscripts. After author review and exclusion of studies not meeting predetermined variables, 8 manuscripts were selected.

The SIPI for measuring complexity in nursing care: evaluation study.

Background: The traditional model for nursing staff management widely used in Italian hospitals assumes that diagnosis determines the amount of nursing required, but this has been widely criticized. In order to quantify and monitor the fluctuation of the complexity in nursing care, a questionnaire, called SIPI (Sistema Informativo della Performance Infermieristica), that is based on the care needs expressed by the patients, has been proposed in the Monza Hospital.

Design: A group of trained nurses were asked to indicate their own perception of the level of nursing day-care complexity provided to each patient and then to complete the SIPI.

Clinical results of bone ingrowth TKA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Unlabelled: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often are not considered for TKA with bone ingrowth fixation because of poor bone quality, but we asked whether implants with sintered metal bead surfaces could be used to durably fix implants in this group of patients. We prospectively evaluated a consecutive series of 47 patients (64 knees) between January 1, 1994, and December 30, 2001, in two separate medical centers using one TKA system. Standard primary implants were used in all knees except those with major bone defects, and in these patients we used long diaphyseal stems to stabilize the implants.

Young and heavy patients with a cementless TKA do as well as older and lightweight patients.

Unlabelled: Given concerns about long term implant loosening in young, heavy patients, we asked whether these patients would fare as well as older, lightweight patients with bone-ingrowth fixation. Cementless total knee arthroplasty was performed consecutively in 1328 patients (1556 knees) using a total knee system designed for porous-ingrowth fixation. A consecutive series of 122 patients (167 knees) whose age was younger than 55 years and whose weight was greater than 90 kg was compared with a gender-matched consecutive series of 122 patients (167 knees) who were 65 years of age or older and who weighed less than 80 kg.