Communicating with the New Generations. The Challenge for Pediatric Dentists.

Most of the children and parents are virtuous and will give us plenty of reasons to enjoy what we do. Unfortunately, we all know that something is somehow wrong with these new generations. Parents and children sometimes place Pediatric dentists in a dilemma.

Bovine lactoferrin decreases cholera-toxin-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in mice by ganglioside interaction.

Secretory diarrhea caused by cholera toxin (CT) is initiated by binding of CT's B subunit (CTB) to GM1-ganglioside on the surface of intestinal cells. Lactoferrin, a breast milk glycoprotein, has shown protective effect against several enteropathogens. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of bovine-lactoferrin (bLF) on CT-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in mice, and the interaction between bLF and CT/CTB with the GM1-ganglioside receptor.

Anammox: an option for ammonium removal in bioreactor landfills.

Experiments carried out in bioreactor landfill simulators demonstrated that more than 40% of the total N was transferred into the liquid and gas phases during the incubation period of 380 days. Ammonium, an end product of protein degradation and important parameter to consider during landfill closure, tends to accumulate up to inhibitory levels in the leachate of landfills especially in landfills with leachate recirculation. Most efforts to remove ammonium from leachate have been focused on ex situ and partial in situ methods such as nitrification, denitrification and chemical precipitation.

Biomechanical anchorage evaluation of mini-implants treated with sandblasting and acid etching in orthodontics.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of sandblasted and acid-etched miniscrew implants based on orthodontic mechanics for space closure after tooth extraction.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four orthodontic mini-implants were placed in 13 patients, for a skeletal anchorage purpose, all prepared by the manufacturer (3M Unitek-IMTEC Ortho USA) with sandblasting and acid treatment. Anchorage measurements were made on occlusal radiographs, on a monthly basis in a 6-month period.

Resin replica in enamel deproteinization and its effect on acid etching.

Purpose: The goal of this in vitro study was to identify the topographical features of deproteinized (NaOCl) and etched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) enamel surface, compared to phosphoric acid surface alone with a Resin Replica model.

Materials: Ten extracted lower first and second permanent molars were polished with pumice and water, and then divided into 3 equal buccal sections having similar physical and chemical properties. The enamel surfaces of each group were subjected to the following treatments: Group A: Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds.

Release and conversion of ammonia in bioreactor landfill simulators.

Bioreactor landfills are an improvement to normal sanitary landfills, because the waste is stabilised faster and the landfill gas is produced in a shorter period of time in a controlled way, thus enabling CH(4) based energy generation. However, it is still difficult to reach, within 30 years, a safe status of the landfill due to high NH(4)(+) levels (up to 3 g/L) in the leachate and NH(4)(+) is extremely important when defining the closure of landfill sites, due to its potential to pollute aquatic environments and the atmosphere. The effect of environmental conditions (temperature, fresh versus old waste) on the release of NH(4)(+) was assessed in experiments with bench (1 L) and pilot scale (800 L) reactors.

14 year follow-up for a severe electrical burn to mouth and lip: case report.

Introduction: Electrical burns range from 4 to 7% of the total burn accidents and many of them affect primarily children biting on a live wire. Great confusion exists in the literature about the proper management of electrical burns to the mouth in the acute and late phases.

Case Report: 14 year results are shown in a severe electrical burn sustained in a 1 year 2 months old girl, involving 90% of the lips and commissures, tongue, alveolar ridges and teeth (primary central incisors and permanent dental germs).

Enamel deproteinization and its effect on acid etching: an in vitro study.

Purpose: The goal of this in vitro study was to identify the topographical features of the enamel surface deproteinized and etched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) compared to phosphoric acid alone.

Materials And Method: Ten extracted lower first and second permanent molars were polished with pumice and water, and then divided into 4 equal buccal sections having similar physical and chemical properties. The enamel surfaces of each group were subjected to the following treatments: Group A: Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds.

BALB/c Mice resist infection with Bartonella bacilliformis.

Background: Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis is a highly lethal endemic and sometimes epidemic infectious disease in South America, and a serious public health concern in Perú. There is limited information on the immunologic response to B. bacilliformis infection.

Treatment of unilateral buccal crossbites in the primary, early mixed, and permanent dentitions: case reports.

It is important to recognize the development of an arch-width problem in pediatric patients and to determine the best time to treat it. One of these conditions is the posterior (buccal) crossbite where one may also find an exaggerated overjet, caused by maxillary excess, and/or mandibular width deficiency. One may also find a mandibular midline deviation on the side of the crossbite, creating a long-term orthopedic problem with a mild facial asymmetry.

Controlled slicing in the management of congenitally missing second premolars.

This report describes a simple method of allowing permanent first molars to drift mesially in patients with congenitally missing second premolars, thus facilitating future orthodontic treatment. Controlled slicing of the deciduous second molar between the ages of 8 and 9 years produced a bodily controlled mesial movement of the permanent first molar in less than 1 year with no or minor rotations or inclination. These results are compared with controlled slicing in 10- to 11-year-olds and with treatment involving extraction alone.