Prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of alcohol and cannabis among Spanish adolescents.

Objective: Driving under the influence (DUI) of substances is the first cause of death among young populations. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research looking at DUI risk factors in adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the past-year prevalence and correlates of DUI of alcohol (DUI-A), cannabis (DUI-C), and both (DUI-A+C) in adolescents who reported past-year alcohol and cannabis use.

Depression, anxiety, and stress in young adult gamers and their relationship with addictive behaviors: A latent profile analysis.

Background: There is limited research examining latent profiles of gamers based on emotional variables, which has implications for prevention efforts. The study sought to identify young adult gamer profiles based on depression, anxiety, and stress, and to examine differences between the latent profiles in other addictive behaviors (i.e.

Behavioral economic analysis of legal and illegal cannabis demand in Spanish young adults with hazardous and non-hazardous cannabis use.

Background: In October 2021, a legal framework that regulates cannabis for recreational purposes in Spain was proposed, but research on its potential impacts on cannabis use is currently limited. This study examined the reliability and discriminant validity of two Marijuana Purchase Tasks (MPTs) for measuring hypothetical legal and illegal cannabis demand, and to examine differences in demand of both commodities in young adults at hazardous vs. non-hazardous cannabis use risk levels.

Psychometric Validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in Spanish Adolescents.

Despite problematic internet use being especially high among adolescents, there are no screening instruments in Spain specifically for adolescents that would facilitate early detection of this problem. The main goal of this study was to validate the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) in the adolescent Spanish population as well as to analyze the discriminative capacity of CIUS based on sociodemographic characteristics, grade point average, and other addictive behaviors. Data were obtained from the ESTUDES, a representative survey of addictive behaviors of Spanish adolescents.

Testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis in a national sample of Spanish adolescents.

Background: The gateway hypothesis holds that the use of legal substances (i.e., tobacco and alcohol) increases the risk of initiating in cannabis use which, in turn, increases the chances of using other illegal substances.

Emotion dysregulation in relation to cannabis use and mental health among young adults.

Background: Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that accounts for the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. The interplay between ED, cannabis use and mental health has not been appraised in the young adult population and whether there are sex-dependent effects has yet to be examined. This study looked at whether ED mediates the association between past-month cannabis use and mental health, while considering sex as a moderator.

Post-Cessation Weight Gain among Smokers with Depression Predicts Smoking Relapse.

Weight gain (WG) is one of the most widespread consequences of smoking cessation, although there is a great variability of post-cessation weight changes among smokers. Its approach is critical because it depicts an important barrier to trying to quit smoking and because it has been considered as a long-term predictor of relapse. Notwithstanding, little is known about post-cessation WG specifically among depressed smokers.

Validation of the Food Purchase Task (FPT) in a clinical sample of smokers with overweight and obesity.

Obesity is a major health problem associated with disease burden and mortality. In this context, analyzing food as a powerful reinforcer from a behavioral economics framework could be relevant for the treatment and prevention of obesity. The purposes of this study were to validate a food purchase task (FPT) in a clinical sample of Spanish smokers with overweight and obesity and to assess the internal structure of the FPT.

Association between e-cigarette and conventional cigarette use among Spanish adolescents.

In recent years, studies have highlighted the upward trend in electronic cigarette use among adolescents, as well as the potential of e-cigarette use to lead to subsequent conventional cigarette use. The study's aims were two-fold: 1) to examine the progression from e-cigarette use to conventional cigarette use; and 2) to analyze the differences in the severity of smoking pattern among dual users (i.e.

Effectiveness of including weight management in smoking cessation treatments: A meta-analysis of behavioral interventions.

Introduction: The potential of weight gain after smoking cessation reduces the incentive to quit. This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of behavioral interventions for smoking cessation that also address post-cessation weight gain.

Methods: Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials on behavioral treatments targeting both health outcomes.

Concurrent validity of the marijuana purchase task: a meta-analysis of trait-level cannabis demand and cannabis involvement.

Background And Aims: The Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT) is increasingly used to measure cannabis reinforcing value and has potential use for cannabis etiological and regulatory research. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate for the first time the MPT's concurrent validity in relation to cannabis involvement.

Methods: Electronic databases and pre-print repositories were searched for MPT studies that examined the cross-sectional relationship between frequency and quantity of cannabis use, problems, dependence, and five MPT indicators: intensity (i.

How does smoking tobacco affect choosing a stable partner?

This study aimed to analyze the rejection towards smokers when considering a stable relationship. The sample included 445 participants who were recruited using the snowball method. A questionnaire created ad hoc was answered online by each participant.

Contingency management for smokers with mental health disorders and smoking-sensitive conditions caused or exacerbated by tobacco use: A review of existing studies, intervention parameters, and research priorities.

Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent in people with smoking-sensitive conditions and mental health disorders. As early as the 1960s, evidence indicated the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for smoking cessation in various populations. This invited review is a critical appraisal of existing CM studies on smoking cessation in populations presenting smoking-sensitive conditions.

A randomized controlled trial of contingency management for smoking cessation in substance use treatment patients.

Background/objective: Contingency management (CM) is one of the most effective interventions for smokers with substance use disorder (SUD), and no empirical assessment of its long-term efficacy has been conducted so far in a real-world context. The objectives were: (1) examine the additive effectiveness of CM on cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for smoking cessation, and (2) examine the relationship between smoking cessation and substance use abstinence.

Method: A total of 80 participants (75.

Pilot randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment plus contingency management for quitting smoking and weight gain prevention among smokers with overweight or obesity.

Background: Post-cessation weight gain is a risk factor for relapse among quitters. The primary study aim was to evaluate, among smokers with overweight or obesity, the feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) plus contingency management (CM) for quitting smoking and weight control. The secondary aim was to examine preliminary tobacco abstinence and weight change outcomes.

Prevalence and Correlates of Prescription Drug Misuse Among Spanish Adolescents.

Background: Prescription drug (PD) misuse among adolescents constitutes a growing health concern worldwide. This study aimed to provide up-to-date prevalence and correlates of PD misuse (i.e.

Effects of episodic future thinking on reinforcement pathology during smoking cessation treatment among individuals with substance use disorders.

Rationale: Reinforcer pathology (RP) is a theoretical model based on two processes: delay discounting (DD) and drug demand. Given that RP has been shown to have a predictive value on smoking behaviors, several studies have explored which interventions can reduce RP. Consistent with the RP framework, episodic future thinking (EFT) has shown effects on treatment outcomes and RP processes.

Effects of Risk Perception and Accessibility on Cannabis Use among Young Population in Spain: Findings from the 2016 National Survey (ESTUDES).

Cannabis use in the young population has undergone a significant increase in Europe. Empirical assessments of individual and contextual mediating variables in relation to cannabis use are informative for prevention actions and have yet to be conducted in Spain. This study used the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education in Spain (ESTUDES) to inform on potentially relevant cannabis prevention targets.

Reinforcer pathology predicts relapse in smokers.

Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis is to analyze whether both of the processes of the reinforcer pathology model (delay discounting and demand) are predictors of relapse up to 12-month follow-up in a sample of abstinent smokers who received a smoking cessation treatment.

Method: Participants were 202 abstinent smokers who completed the delay discounting task and the cigarette purchase task. In order to analyze the smoking relapse predictors and the impact of time to relapse, Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis were carried out.

Depression symptom profiles and long-term response to cognitive behavioral therapy plus contingency management for smoking cessation.

Background: Depression is heterogeneous in nature and using diagnostic categories limits insight into understanding psychopathology and its impact on treatment efficacy. This secondary analysis sought to: 1) identify distinct subpopulations of cigarette users with depression, and 2) examine their response to cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) + contingency management (CM) for smoking cessation at one year.

Method: The sample comprised 238 (74 % females) adults who smoke receiving CBT only or CBT + CM.

No evidence of the clinical utility of single-item breakpoint to inform on tobacco demand in persons with substance use disorders.

Rationale: Behavioral economics has shown that single-item demand indicators are promising for capturing crucial aspects of nicotine reinforcement. It is suggested that brief breakpoint measures perform comparably to full-length demand indices in characterizing nicotine dependence; however, there have been no thorough assessments of their validity in clinical settings.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the validity and accuracy of a single-item breakpoint in informing on tobacco demand.

[Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review].

Unlabelled: Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review.

Background: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments.

Episodic future thinking for smoking cessation in individuals with substance use disorder: Treatment feasibility and acceptability.

Background: Smokers with substance use disorders (SUD) smoke approximately four times more than the general population. Current efforts are focused on improving smoking cessation treatments for this population. Episodic future thinking (EFT), a novel intervention aimed at decreasing impulsive choice, has shown promising results for reducing cigarette demand in experimental settings.