Detection of cancer-associated cachexia in lung cancer patients using whole-body [F]FDG-PET/CT imaging: A multi-centre study.

Background: Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a metabolic syndrome contributing to therapy resistance and mortality in lung cancer patients (LCP). CAC is typically defined using clinical non-imaging criteria. Given the metabolic underpinnings of CAC and the ability of [F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computer tomography (CT) to provide quantitative information on glucose turnover, we evaluate the usefulness of whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging, as part of the standard diagnostic workup of LCP, to provide additional information on the onset or presence of CAC.

Diagnosis and prognosis of abnormal cardiac scintigraphy uptake suggestive of cardiac amyloidosis using artificial intelligence: a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-tracer development and validation study.

Background: The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis can be established non-invasively by scintigraphy using bone-avid tracers, but visual assessment is subjective and can lead to misdiagnosis. We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) system for standardised and reliable screening of cardiac amyloidosis-suggestive uptake and assess its prognostic value, using a multinational database of Tc-scintigraphy data across multiple tracers and scanners.

Methods: In this retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-tracer development and validation study, 16 241 patients with 19 401 scans were included from nine centres: one hospital in Austria (consecutive recruitment Jan 4, 2010, to Aug 19, 2020), five hospital sites in London, UK (consecutive recruitment Oct 1, 2014, to Sept 29, 2022), two centres in China (selected scans from Jan 1, 2021, to Oct 31, 2022), and one centre in Italy (selected scans from Jan 1, 2011, to May 23, 2023).

Texture analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT: Prediction of refractoriness of Hodgkin lymphoma with mediastinal bulk involvement.

To recognize patients at high risk of refractory disease, the identification of novel prognostic parameters improving stratification of newly diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is still needed. This study investigates the potential value of metabolic and texture features, extracted from baseline 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET) and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography scan (CECT), together with clinical data, in predicting first-line therapy refractoriness (R) of classical HL (cHL) with mediastinal bulk involvement. We reviewed 69 cHL patients who underwent staging PET and CECT.

The Never-ending Story: Assessing coronary collateral circulation with myocardial perfusion imaging.

The role of coronary collateral circulation has been thoroughly studied, and myocardial perfusion imaging has been a frequently employed method. Even angiographic invisible collaterals can support some degree of tracer uptake, but the clinical role of this evaluation is still uncertain, and this remains the main issue that should be clarified.

Characterization of Mediastinal Bulky Lymphomas with FDG-PET-Based Radiomics and Machine Learning Techniques.

Background: This study tested the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT (FDG-PET) volumetric and texture parameters in the histological differentiation of mediastinal bulky disease due to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and grey zone lymphoma (GZL), using machine learning techniques.

Methods: We reviewed 80 cHL, 29 PMBCL and 8 GZL adult patients with mediastinal bulky disease and histopathological diagnoses who underwent FDG-PET pre-treatment. Volumetric and radiomic parameters were measured using FDG-PET both for bulky lesions (BL) and for all lesions (AL) using LIFEx software (threshold SUV ≥ 2.

Nuclear medicine in the assessment and prevention of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity: prospects and proposal of use by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM).

Cardiotoxicity may present as (pulmonary) hypertension, acute and chronic coronary syndromes, venous thromboembolism, cardiomyopathies/heart failure, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and myocarditis. Many of these disease entities can be diagnosed by established cardiovascular diagnostic pathways. Nuclear medicine, however, has proven promising in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies/heart failure, and peri- and myocarditis as well as arterial inflammation.

Added prognostic value of molecular imaging parameters over proliferation index in typical lung carcinoid: an [18F]FDG PET/CT and SSTR imaging study.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic meaning of volumetric and semi-quantitative parameters measured using [18F]FDG PET/CT and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging in patients with typical lung carcinoid (TC), and their relationship with proliferative index (Ki67).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients (38-94 years old, mean: 69.7) with diagnosis of TC who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT and/or SSTR scintigraphy/SPECT with [111In]DTPA-Octreotide plus contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) at staging evaluation.

Appropriateness criteria for the use of cardiac computed tomography, SIC-SIRM part 2: acute chest pain evaluation; stent and coronary artery bypass graft patency evaluation; planning of coronary revascularization and transcatheter valve procedures; cardiomyopathies, electrophysiological applications, cardiac masses, cardio-oncology and pericardial diseases evaluation.

In the past 20 years, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) has become a pivotal technique for the noninvasive diagnostic workup of coronary and cardiac diseases. Continuous technical and methodological improvements, combined with fast growing scientific evidence, have progressively expanded the clinical role of CCT. Randomized clinical trials documented the value of CCT in increasing the cost-effectiveness of the management of patients with acute chest pain presenting in the emergency department, also during the pandemic.

The Utility of Conventional Amino Acid PET Radiotracers in the Evaluation of Glioma Recurrence also in Comparison with MRI.

Aim: In this comprehensive review we present an update on the most relevant studies evaluating the utility of amino acid PET radiotracers for the evaluation of glioma recurrence as compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: A literature search extended until June 2020 on the PubMed/MEDLINE literature database was conducted using the terms "high-grade glioma", "glioblastoma", "brain tumors", "positron emission tomography", "PET", "amino acid PET", "[C]methyl-l-methionine", "[F]fluoroethyl-tyrosine", "[F]fluoro-l-dihydroxy-phenylalanine", "MET", "FET", "DOPA", "magnetic resonance imaging", "MRI", "advanced MRI", "magnetic resonance spectroscopy", "perfusion-weighted imaging", "diffusion-weighted imaging", "MRS", "PWI", "DWI", "hybrid PET/MR", "glioma recurrence", "pseudoprogression", "PSP", "treatment-related change", and "radiation necrosis" alone and in combination. Only original articles edited in English and about humans with at least 10 patients were included.

Myocardial perfusion quantification with Rb-82 PET: good interobserver agreement of Carimas software on global, regional, and segmental levels.

Purpose: To estimate the interobserver agreement of the Carimas software package (SP) on global, regional, and segmental levels for the most widely used myocardial perfusion PET tracer-Rb-82.

Materials And Methods: Rest and stress Rb-82 PET scans of 48 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) were analyzed in four centers using the Carimas SP. We considered values to agree if they simultaneously had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.

Evaluation of stress myocardial blood flow patterns in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Among the other variants, the apical pattern of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is probably the most important, with possible aneurysmatic evolution.

Methods And Results: We analyzed 12 patients with AHCM who underwent [N]NH-PET/CT. Regional perfusion, stress global myocardial blood flow (MBF), and transmural perfusion patterns were assessed.

Cerebral amyloid load determination in a clinical setting: interpretation of amyloid biomarker discordances aided by tau and neurodegeneration measurements.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis can be hindered by amyloid biomarkers discordances.

Objective: We aim to interpret discordances between amyloid positron emission tomography (Amy-PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Aβ and Aβ), using Amy-PET semiquantitative analysis, [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET pattern, and CSF assays.

Method: Thirty-six subjects with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, assessed by neuropsychological tests, structural and functional imaging, and CSF assays (Aβ, Aβ, p-tau, t-tau), were retrospectively examined.

One-tissue compartment model for myocardial perfusion quantification with N-13 ammonia PET provides matching results: A cross-comparison between Carimas, FlowQuant, and PMOD.

Purpose: To cross-compare three software packages (SPs)-Carimas, FlowQuant, and PMOD-to quantify myocardial perfusion at global, regional, and segmental levels.

Materials And Methods: Stress N-13 ammonia PET scans of 48 patients with HCM were analyzed in three centers using Carimas, FlowQuant, and PMOD. Values agreed if they had an ICC > 0.

SIRM-SIC appropriateness criteria for the use of Cardiac Computed Tomography. Part 1: Congenital heart diseases, primary prevention, risk assessment before surgery, suspected CAD in symptomatic patients, plaque and epicardial adipose tissue characterization, and functional assessment of stenosis.

In the past 20 years, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) has become a pivotal technique for the noninvasive diagnostic work-up of coronary and cardiac diseases. Continuous technical and methodological improvements, combined with fast growing scientific evidence, have progressively expanded the clinical role of CCT. Recent large multicenter randomized clinical trials documented the high prognostic value of CCT and its capability to increase the cost-effectiveness of the management of patients with suspected CAD.