Health professionals prepared for the future. Why Social Sciences and Humanities teaching in Medical Faculties matter.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. A public debate took place place in France in 2018 concerning ethical and social issues of biomedicine and life science and technologies.

[The positive culture of error, historical, epistemological and ethical aspects].

The punitive culture of error erects a wall of silence between players in the care relationship. A positive culture of error, founded on a new ethical approach to the nurse-patient relationship, enables everyone to move beyond the illusion of medical infallibility and to cope better with the effects of an adverse event.

Accuracy, intermethod agreement, and inter-reviewer agreement for use of magnetic resonance imaging and myelography in small-breed dogs with naturally occurring first-time intervertebral disk extrusion.

Objective: To determine accuracy, intermethod agreement, and inter-reviewer agreement for multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2-view orthogonal myelography in small-breed dogs with first-time intervertebral disk (IVD) extrusion.

Design: Prospective evaluation study.

Animals: 24 dogs with thoracolumbar IVD extrusion.

Investigation of the use of three electroencephalographic electrodes for long-term electroencephalographic recording in awake and sedated dogs.

Objective: To compare electroencephalography (EEG) artifact associated with use of the subdermal wire electrode (SWE), gold cup electrode (GCE), and subdermal needle electrode (SNE) over an 8-hour period in sedated and awake dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedures: 8 EEG channels were recorded during 20-minute video-EEG recording sessions (intermittently at 0.

Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis with post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis in a cat.

Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis was suspected in a cat with a cranial mediastinal mass. The dermatopathy resolved with surgical removal of a thymoma. The cat manifested neurologic signs consistent with myasthenia gravis 7 wk after surgery.

Effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and hyperoxemia on brain morphometrics determined by use of T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of various combinations of PaCO2 and PaO2 values on brain morphometrics.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: A modified Latin square design for randomization was used.

Absence seizures with myoclonic features in a juvenile Chihuahua dog.

Long-term video-EEG was recorded for an eight-month-old Chihuahua dog with recurrent episodes of altered behaviour associated with head and nose twitching. Each episode lasted one to two seconds, multiple times per day before treatment. Ictal EEG showed generalised bilaterally synchronous 4 Hz spike-and-wave complexes during the "absence-like" event, along with rhythmically correlated head and nose twitching.

Effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and hyperoxemia on blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensity determined by use of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To assess the effects of alterations in PaCO(2) and PaO(2) on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal intensity determined by use of susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in brains of isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedures: In each dog, anesthesia was induced with propofol (6 to 8 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane (1.

Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) overexpression in transgenic mice leads to myelin loss in the central nervous system.

Demyelination in the central nervous system is the hallmark feature in multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanism resulting in destabilization of myelin is a complex multi-faceted process, part of which involves deimination of myelin basic protein (MBP). Deimination, the conversion of protein-bound arginine to citrulline, is mediated by the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes, of which the PAD2 and PAD4 isoforms are present in myelin.

A case of primary hypothyroidism causing central nervous system atherosclerosis in a dog.

A 2-year-old, castrated male, Australian shepherd was presented with a history of chronic mild ataxia, obesity, and lethargy. The dog was treated with levothyroxine, but the ataxia worsened. Cranial nerve abnormalities developed and the dog was euthanized.

Evaluation of the ADVIA 120 for analysis of canine cerebrospinal fluid.

Background: Conventional techniques for canine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis require large sample volumes and are labor intensive and subject to operator variability.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ADVIA120 CSF assay for analysis of canine CSF samples.

Methods: CSF samples collected from 36 healthy control dogs and 17 dogs with neurologic disease were processed in parallel using the automated assay and established manual methods using a hemocytometer and cytocentrifugation.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve sheath tumors in 4 dogs.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was used in establishing the diagnosis in 4 cases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Sonographic and cytologic characteristics are discussed. Because of its availability and ease of use, axillary ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration can be an initial diagnostic step for suspected brachial plexus tumors.

A novel mutation of the CLCN1 gene associated with myotonia hereditaria in an Australian cattle dog.

Background: Heritable myotonia is a genetic muscle disorder characterized by slow relaxation of skeletal muscles. The main clinical signs are skeletal muscle stiffness, especially after vigorous contraction, and muscle hypertrophy. Muscle stiffness may be enhanced by inactivity, and often is relieved by exercise.

Correlation of motor evoked potentials with magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic findings in Doberman Pinschers with and without signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy.

Objective: To establish the reference ranges for motor evoked potential (MEP) latency and amplitude in clinically normal Doberman Pinschers, compare the MEPs of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM; wobbler syndrome), and determine whether MEP data correlate with neurologic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Animals: 16 clinically normal and 16 CSM-affected Doberman Pinschers.

Procedures: Dogs were classified according to their neurologic deficits.

Electroencephalographic recording during transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans and animals.

Objective: We report on the development of an EEG recording system, comprised of electrodes and amplifiers that are compatible with TMS (single and rapid-rate) in both human and animal studies.

Methods: We assembled a versatile multi-channel EEG recording system consisting of: (1) two types of electrodes that are safe during TMS or rTMS. (2) Low slew-rate EEG amplifiers that recover within a few milliseconds after the application of TMS pulses.

Cervical syringohydromyelia secondary to a brainstem tumor in a dog.

An 11-year-old male Pekingese was evaluated because of a history of head tilt. Neurologic examination revealed a right-sided head tilt, ataxia, scoliosis, and proprioceptive deficits. Diagnostic testing included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck.

West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in horses in Ontario: 28 cases.

West Nile virus encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in 28 horses presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Veterinary Teaching Hospital between August 20 and October 15, 2002. The age range of affected horses was 5 months to 20 years (mean 6.9 years, median 6 years).

Correlation between severity of clinical signs and motor evoked potentials after transcranial magnetic stimulation in large-breed dogs with cervical spinal cord disease.

Objective: To evaluate use of transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials for assessment of the functional integrity of the cervical spinal cord in large-breed dogs with cervical spinal cord disease.

Design: Randomized, controlled, masked study.

Animals: 10 healthy large-breed control dogs and 25 large-breed dogs with cervical spinal cord diseases.