INFLUENCE OF ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY IMPAIRMENT ON UPPER AND LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER PRESSURE IN CHAGAS DISEASE.

Background: Chagas disease causes digestive anatomic and functional changes, including the loss of the myenteric plexus and abnormal esophageal radiologic and manometric findings.

Objective: To evaluate the association of abnormal esophageal radiologic findings, cardiac changes, distal esophageal contractions, and complaints of dysphagia and constipation in upper (UES) and lower (LES) esophageal sphincter basal pressure in Chagas disease patients.

Methods: The study evaluated 99 patients with Chagas disease and 40 asymptomatic normal volunteers.

VIDEOFLUOROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CAPSULE SIZE AND SUBJECT'S AGE AND GENDER ON CAPSULE SWALLOWING.

Background: People recurrently have difficulties swallowing solid medications, which can be associated with the size of the medication and the age and gender of individuals.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of capsule size and adults' age and gender on oral and pharyngeal capsule transit during capsule swallows.

Methods: Videofluoroscopy was used to measure capsule oral and pharyngeal transit during swallows in 49 healthy individuals (17 men and 32 women), with a mean age of 46 years (ranging from 23 to 88 years).

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS, DYSPHAGIA, AND FUNCTIONAL EATING LEVEL IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN LONG INSTITUTIONAL STAYS.

Background: Diets with modified consistencies for patients with dysphagia in long term care health institutions may be associated with malnutrition.

Objective: : To assess the nutritional status of adult patients with cerebral palsy and dysphagia hospitalized in a health institution for more than 10 years.

Methods: : This prospective investigation was performed in 56 patients with cerebral palsy (ages 25 to 71 years, mean: 44±12 years) and no other neurological diagnosis in hospital stay for more than 10 years had their nutritional status, dysphagia, and food ingestion capacity assessed in two moments with a 12-month interval in between them, respectively using the body mass index, the dysphagia risk assessment protocol (PARD), and the functional oral ingestion scale (FOIS).

Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) Scores to Detect Self-Reported Dysphagia in Brazilians.

The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) detects swallowing impairments (dysphagia) self-reported by patients according to their perception. This noninvasive, inexpensive, self-administered instrument is quickly and easily filled out. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the scores, sensitivity, and specificity of the method to define self-reported dysphagia in Brazilians.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SYMPTOMS AND REFLUX IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.

Background: Esophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are the same in functional heartburn, non-erosive disease, and erosive disease. Their patient-perceived intensity may be related to gastroesophageal reflux intensity.

Objective: To evaluate whether the symptoms in GERD patients are related to the intensity of gastroesophageal acid reflux.

Dysphagia is a strong predictor of death and functional dependence at three months post-stroke.

Background: Few Brazilian studies investigated risk factors for dysphagia and associated complications in a large cohort.

Objective: To investigate frequency, predictors, and associated outcomes of dysphagia in patients up to three months post-stroke.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of consecutively admitted patients in a specialized center for acute stroke.

Oral motor function in obesity.

Background: Obese individuals may have impaired oral sensory functioning and abnormal oral motor function, a consequence of fat deposition in muscles.

Objective: To evaluate the oral motor function in obese individuals.

Material And Methods: Three observational cross-sectional studies were performed.

SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF MEGAESOPHAGUS IN CHAGAS DISEASE.

Background: Dysphagia is the most frequent digestive symptom in Chagas disease, although other symptoms are reported. These symptoms can be associated with the degree of radiological impairment of the esophagus and the duration of dysphagia.

Objective: This investigation aimed to assess the symptoms and the time of dysphagia related to the different degrees of megaesophagus in patients with Chagas disease.

Cross-Sectional Study of Swallowing Phases in Cases of Megaesophagus Caused by Chagas Disease.

Background: Chagas disease, caused by the flagellate protozoan , is an infectious cause of secondary achalasia and megaesophagus. Moreover, the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing may also be affected, which may contribute to dysphagia and increase the possibility of airway aspiration during and/or after swallowing. This cross-sectional study evaluated, with videofluoroscopy, the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing in patients with megaesophagus caused by Chagas disease.

Functional Changes of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter in Gastroesophageal Reflux.

 The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a muscular structure located at the transition from the pharynx to the esophagus, with the cricopharyngeal muscle as the most important component. During gastroesophageal reflux, the pressure in the UES elevates, which is apparently a protective mechanism to prevent esophagopharyngeal reflux and airway aspiration. In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), there may be functional changes in the UES.

Management of Esophageal Dysphagia in Chagas Disease.

Chagas disease, caused by the infection of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, has clinical consequences in the heart and digestive tract. The most important changes in the digestive tract occur in the esophagus (megaesophagus) and colon (megacolon). Esophageal dysfunction in Chagas disease results from damage of the esophageal myenteric plexus, with loss of esophageal peristalsis, partial or absent lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, and megaesophagus, which characterizes secondary esophageal achalasia.

Erratum to "Maximum Phonation Time in People with Obesity Not Submitted or Submitted to Bariatric Surgery".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/5903621.].

Translation and Validation of the TOR-BSST into Brazilian Portuguese for Adults with Stroke.

Brazil has a higher rate of dysphagia in stroke patients compared to developed countries, but does not have a fully validated method for early identification of dysphagia in this population. The aim of this study is to translate the TOR-BSST into Brazilian Portuguese and assess the newly translated version for reliability and validity with Brazilian adult patients with stroke. The translation of the TOR-BSST followed a multi-step process, according to the International Quality of Life Assessment project.

ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL TRANSIT IN FUNCTIONAL HEARTBURN.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with slower transit of the bolus through the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter. Functional heartburn has similar symptoms to gastroesophageal reflux disease, however, the symptoms are not caused by reflux.

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate oral and pharyngeal transit in patients with functional heartburn, with the hypothesis that, similar to patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, they have changes in pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter transit time.

Swallowing in Obese Individuals before and after Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.

Material And Method: Swallowing was evaluated by videofluoroscopy before and after 80 to 123 days from bariatric surgery in 19 individuals with obesity (15 women), aged 25-60 years. The body mass index (BMI) before surgery was from 40.

Prevalence of non-obstructive dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation.

Objective: Heartburn and regurgitation are the most common gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, and dysphagia could be a possible symptom. This investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence of non-obstructive dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation.

Methods: A total of 147 patients (age, 20-70 years; women, 72%) complaining of heartburn and regurgitation, without esophageal stricture, previous esophageal surgery, or other diseases, were evaluated.

Maximum Phonation Time in People with Obesity Not Submitted or Submitted to Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Our aim in this investigation was to evaluate maximum phonation time in people with obesity not submitted to surgery and in people with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery and compare it with maximum phonation time of healthy volunteers. The hypothesis was that the reduced maximum phonation time in people with obesity would be corrected after surgery due to weight loss.

Method: Maximum phonation time was evaluated in 52 class III patients (Group A), 62 class III patients who were treated by surgery 3 to 115 months before (Group B), 20 controls (Group C), and 15 class III patients whose maximum phonation time was evaluated before and two to six months after surgery (Group D).

Proximal esophageal contraction after induction of ineffective distal contraction by sildenafil in healthy volunteers.

Background: Proximal esophagus is composed of striated muscle replaced by smooth muscle in the distal section. Sildenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, causes a decrease in the amplitude of contractions in distal smooth muscle esophagus, with no effect on the proximal esophageal striated muscle. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the hypothesis that proximal contractions are affected by changes in distal contractions caused by sildenafil.

Suprahyoid Muscle Activity in Patients with Chagasic Megaesophagus.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the activity of the suprahyoid musculature during swallowing and to correlate the findings with the degree of megaesophagus, oral and pharyngeal videofluoroscopy and esophageal manometry in patients with achalasia caused by Chagas' disease. Twenty-nine patients with positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi and dysphagia (Chagas' disease group) and 29 individuals matched by sex and age (control group) participated in the study. Surface electromyography of the suprahyoid musculature and videofluoroscopy during swallowing of paste and liquid consistencies were performed.

ALTERED ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DURING PERCEPTION OF BOLUS TRANSIT IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS.

Background: The perception of bolus transit through the thoracic esophagus may be caused by altered esophageal anatomy and function.

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that, in healthy volunteers, swallows followed by perception of esophageal bolus transit are associated with changes in esophageal motility.

Methods: Simultaneous evaluation of motility and perception of esophageal bolus transit was performed in 22 healthy volunteers.

Intra-Esophageal pH Monitoring on Two Consecutive Days in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms.

Background: The best method to measure the frequency and duration of gastroesophageal reflux is 24-h pH or 24-h pH/impedance monitoring. However, the detection of reflux can vary when measured on different days. Our aim was to evaluate the possibility that the severity of gastroesophageal reflux is different even under similar conditions on two consecutive days.

Swallowing evaluation in patients without restriction of oral food three months after ischemic stroke.

Background: Our hypothesis was that even patients without complaints and without evident clinical signs of dysphagia three months after ischemic stroke, may have swallowing alterations.

Objective: To evaluate, by videofluoroscopy, swallowing pattern of ischemic stroke patients without symptomatic dysphagia or restriction of food intake.

Method: Videofluoroscopic examinations were performed in 33 ischemic stroke patients three to five months after the accident, and 19 healthy volunteers.

Dysphagia and Associated Pneumonia in Stroke Patients from Brazil: A Systematic Review.

Dysphagia and its associated complications are expected to be relatively more frequent in stroke patients in Brazil than in similar patients treated in developed countries due to the suboptimal stroke care in many Brazilians medical services. However, there is no estimate of dysphagia and pneumonia incidence for the overall stroke population in Brazil. We conducted a systematic review of the recent literature to address this knowledge gap, first screening citations for relevance and then rating full articles of accepted citations.

Influence of Body Height on Oral and Pharyngeal Transit Time of a Liquid Bolus in Healthy Volunteers.

Background: Swallowing duration may be influenced by several factors. The effect of body height on oral-pharyngeal bolus transit has not been clearly elucidated. The hypothesis of this investigation was that height has influence on oral-pharyngeal transit time of a liquid bolus.