Sciatic neurectomy-related cortical bone loss exhibits delayed onset yet stabilises more rapidly than trabecular bone.

Disuse osteoporosis occurs after extended periods of bed rest or nerve damage leading to increased risk of fracture. It remains to be established, however, whether the trajectory of bone loss is equivalent in bone's cortical and trabecular compartments following long-term periods of reduced loading. Herein, we evaluate sciatic neurectomy-related cortical and trabecular bone loss in the tibia by microCT.

In Vivo Models of Mechanical Loading.

The skeleton fulfils its mechanical functions through structural organization and material properties of individual bones. It is stated that both cortical and trabecular morphology and mass can be (re)modelled in response to changes in mechanical strains engendered by load-bearing. To address this, animal models that enable the application of specific loads to individual bones have been developed.

Hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of Cedrela odorata has low toxicity and reduces hyperglycemia induced by an overload of sucrose and glucose.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) is a native plant of the Amazon region and its inner stem bark is used in the treatment of diabetes in the form of maceration in Brazilian popular medicine. Until now, there is no scientific study on this activity.

In vivo mechanical loading.

The skeleton fulfils its mechanical functions through structural organisation and material properties of individual bones. Both cortical and trabecular morphology and mass can be (re)modelled in response to changes in mechanical strains engendered by load-bearing. To address this, animal models that enable the application of specific loads to individual bones have been developed.

The first case report of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi in Panthera leo in Brazil.

We reported here the first known case of natural infection of a lion (Panthera leo-Linnaeus, 1758) with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi (L. chagasi) in Brazil. The specimen was created by a circus handler in the state of Mato Grosso and was donated to the zoological park of the Federal University of Mato Grosso.

Leishmania(Leishmania) chagasi in captive wild felids in Brazil.

This study used a PCR-RFLP test to determine the presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in 16 captive wild felids [seven Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771); five Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) and four Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)] at the zoological park of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Amplification of Leishmania spp. DNA was seen in samples from five pumas and one jaguar, and the species was characterized as L.

Blockade of beta-adrenergic signaling does not influence the bone mechano-adaptive response in mice.

The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the modulation of bone adaptation to its load-bearing demand remains controversial. This study tested the involvement of SNS in the adaptive response of trabecular and cortical bone to either external loading or disuse. External loading consisted of cyclic strain (40 cycles, peak 1500 microstrain) applied for 7 min, 3 days/week, while disuse was induced by unilateral sciatic neurectomy (SN).

Osteocytes use estrogen receptor alpha to respond to strain but their ERalpha content is regulated by estrogen.

Unlabelled: The role of mechanical strain and estrogen status in regulating ERalpha levels in bone cells was studied in female rats. OVX is associated with decreased ERalpha protein expression/osteocyte, whereas habitual strain and artificial loading has only a small but positive effect, except on the ulna's medial surface, where artificial loading stimulates reversal of resorption to formation.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is the most widespread failure of bones' ability to match their architectural strength to their habitual load bearing.

Sympathetic nervous system does not mediate the load-induced cortical new bone formation.

Unlabelled: The contribution of the SNS to bone's response to mechanical loading is unclear. Using a noninvasive model of axial loading of the murine tibia, we found that sciatic neurectomy enhances load-induced new cortical bone formation and that pharmacological blockade of the SNS does not affect such responses, indicating that the SNS does not mediate the osteogenic effects of loading in cortical bone.

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contributes to the regulation of bone mass and may influence remodeling by modulating bones' response to mechanical load-bearing.

Non-invasive axial loading of mouse tibiae increases cortical bone formation and modifies trabecular organization: a new model to study cortical and cancellous compartments in a single loaded element.

Systematic study of bones' responses to loading requires simple non-invasive models in appropriate experimental animals where the applied load is controllable and the changes in bone quantifiable. Herein, we validate a model for applying axial loads, non-invasively to murine tibiae. This allows the effects of mechanical loading in both cancellous and cortical bone to be determined within a single bone in which genetic, neuronal and functional influences can also be readily manipulated.