Intraoperative ultrasound in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: State of the art.

Introduction: Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is of one of the most studied fields in urology due to the balancing between renal function preservation and oncological safety of the procedure. Aim of this short review is to report the state of the art of intra-operative ultrasound as an operative tool to improve localization of small renal masses partially or completely endophytic during robotassisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Material And Methods: We performed a literature review by electronic database on Pubmed about the use of intra-operative US in RAPN to evaluate the usefulness and the feasibility of this procedure.

Comparison of an electromagnetic and an electrohydraulic lithotripter: Efficacy, pain and complications.

Introduction: We analyzed efficacy and complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and analgesia requirement during the treatment in two groups of patients treated with different lithotripters.

Materials And Methods: The patients treated were 189, 102 between September 2016 and April 2017 with HMT Lithotron® LITS 172, electrohydraulic, and 87 between May and September 2017 with Storz Medical Modulith® SLK, electromagnetic. The main differences between the lithotripters are: type of energy source, patient position, frequency and number of shock waves.

Ultrasound follow up: Is an undetected spontaneous expulsion of stone fragments a sign of extracorporeal shock wave treatment failure in kidney stones?

Introduction: After extracorporeal lithotripsy (SWL), a spontaneous expulsion of fragments is often reported. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of a stone free status or the presence of clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs, defined as "asymptomatic, noninfectious, ≤ 3 mm fragments") in people with undetected spontaneous expulsion.

Materials And Methods: Between May and September 2017, we performed a total of 87 treatments.

The usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis in invasive urodynamics in postmenopausal female subjects.

This study aims to define the usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal female undergoing invasive urodynamics (IU). Two hundred sixty-two postmenopausal females underwent IU. Before urodynamics, all females were double blindly randomized in two age stratified groups.

Posterior reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter allows a rapid recovery of continence after transperitoneal videolaparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: Urinary incontinence is one of the major drawbacks of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). One of the possible reasons for this urinary incontinence is a postoperative deficiency of the rhabdosphincter (RS). It has been recently demonstrated that reconstruction of the posterior aspects of the RS allows a rapid recovery of continence after RRP.

The simultaneous use of telomerase, cytokeratin 20 and CD4 for bladder cancer detection in urine.

Objective: Because of the low sensitivity of urinary cytological diagnosis of urinary bladder carcinoma, new molecular diagnostic methods have been proposed. We decided to verify the expression of telomerase mRNA coding for the catalytic component (hTRT), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and CD4 antigen mRNAs in urine as possible diagnostic tool.

Methods: Evaluation of hTRT, CK20, CD4 mRNAs was performed in 50 ml of naturally voided urine of 205 patients of which 153 with bladder cancer (Tis, n = 11; TaGx, n = 4; TaG1, n = 25; TaG2, n = 26; TaG3, n = 8; T1G1, n = 16; T1G2, n = 17; T1G3, n = 20; T2G2, n = 6; T2G3, n = 13; T3G3, n = 7) and 52 controls.