Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engagement Modulates Neuroma Microenviroment in Rats and Humans and Prevents Postamputation Pain.

Postamputation pain is currently managed unsatisfactorily with neuron-targeted pharmacological and interventional therapies. Non-neuronal pain mechanisms have emerged as crucial factors in the development and persistence of postamputation pain. Consequently, these mechanisms offer exciting prospects as innovative therapeutic targets.

Coronary Intimal Thickening Begins in Fetuses and Progresses in Pediatric Population and Adolescents to Atherosclerosis.

The prevalence of coronary intimal thickening (IT) was assessed in fetuses and pediatric population. We studied the coronary arteries of 63 hearts obtained from fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, deceased from noncardiac disease or trauma. Histomorphometric analysis, planimetry, and immunohistochemical studies were conducted.

Transforming growth factor β1 and coronary intimal hyperplasia in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

Background: Congenital heart defects or the process of their repair leads to an increased risk for adult cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Intimal hyperplasia is a preatherosclerotic lesion that may be produced as a consequence of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) pathway activation. We studied the presence of intimal hyperplasia in arteries from a pediatric population with congenital heart disease (CHD) and TGF-β1 expression to enlighten its possible role in the genesis of these lesions.

Congenital left main coronary artery aneurysm.

We report a rare case of a congenital left main coronary artery aneurysm in a 2-year-old patient with concomitant intimal hyperplasia and strong intimal apolipoprotein B expression.

Coronary intimal thickening in newborn babies and

We performed a morphological characterization of intimal thickenings in coronary arteries in the very early stages of life to obtain insights into initial coronary atherogenesis. We examined specimens from 67 infants who had died of noncardiac causes within their first year of life. Serially cut sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Azan, Alcian blue, acetic orceine, and immunotypified for CD68, CD34, and alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin.

Classifying musculocutaneous nerve variations.

A total of 56 upper limbs from fetuses and adult cadavers were dissected to record anatomical variations in the musculocutaneous nerve (MC). A systematic literature review was performed to identify current classifications of MC variations. Communications were seen between the MC and median nerves in 53.

[Migration flow and imported diseases: chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy].

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted by triatomine bugs in endemic regions of the American continent and less frequently by blood transfusion and congenital transmission. Immigration rates explain why the disease can be found worldwide. Non-endemic countries that receive a significant amount of Latin American immigrants should be familiarized with the disease to allow prevention, diagnosis and early treatment.

Prognostic impact of Chagas disease in the United States.

A prior publication from our group reported the fact that Chagas disease is underdiagnosed. This review will summarize several aspects of Chagas disease in the United States including modes of transmission, which will demonstrate that clinicians should be more aware of the disease and its consequences. Trypanosoma cruzi is present in many animal species spread throughout most of the United States.

Fetal carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses: persistent hypoglossal artery associated with further variations of the circle of Willis.

During a routine dissection of the head and neck regions, a right persistent hypoglossal artery was found in a male individual who had died at approximately 40 years of age. This variation is associated with hypoplasia of the right and left vertebral arteries and absence of the right posterior communicating artery. Clinical implications of this variation are described.