We compared a standard antihypertensive losartan treatment with a pharmacogenomics-guided rostafuroxin treatment in never-treated Caucasian and Chinese patients with primary hypertension. Rostafuroxin is a digitoxigenin derivative that selectively disrupts the binding to the cSrc-SH2 domain of mutant α-adducin and of the ouabain-activated Na-K pump at 10 M. Of 902 patients screened, 172 were enrolled in Italy and 107 in Taiwan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and entails a high burden of cardiovascular events and mortality. Dyslipidaemia is common in patients with CKD and it is characterized by a highly atherogenic profile with relatively low levels of HDL-cholesterol and high levels of triglyceride and oxidized LDL-cholesterol. Overall, current literature indicates that lowering LDL-cholesterol is beneficial for preventing major atherosclerotic events in patients with CKD and in kidney transplant recipients while the evidence is less clear in patients on dialysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypertension and obesity in the young population are major risk factors for renal and cardiovascular events, which could arise in adulthood. A candidate-gene approach was applied in a cohort observational study, in which we collected data from 2638 high school adolescent students. Participants underwent anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as saliva and urine sample collection for genomic DNA extraction and renal function evaluation, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegardless of the etiology of renal disease, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop profound qualitative and quantitative lipoprotein metabolism abnormalities because of the presence of alterations in apolipoproteins, lipid transfer proteins, lipolytic enzymes, and lipoprotein receptors from the earlier stages of the disease. As renal function deteriorates, triglyceride concentrations increase and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations decline, while levels of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol remain in the normal range or become slightly decreased. Meanwhile, there is a progressive accumulation of the more atherogenic small dense LDL particles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: We assessed some major determinants of blood pressure (BP) in young adulthood to plan a lifestyle changes policy METHODS: A cross sectional survey was held, involving 2373 high school people (age 18-21), measuring BP, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WCirc), fat free mass (FFM); alcohol and smoking habits were evaluated by a questionnaire. In a subset of this population (n = 60) uric acid (UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were also evaluated.
Results: Smoking and not alcohol was correlated to systolic blood pressure (SBP) through quartiles (31.
Beyond its well known classic effects on renal water and electrolytes metabolism, an increasing amount of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that aldosterone contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney disease. The binding of aldosterone on epithelial and non-epithelial cells of the kidney induces many deleterious effects, such as podocyte apoptosis and injury, mesangial cell proliferation and deformability and tubulointerstitial inflammation, finally resulting in glomerular fibrosis and sclerosis. Moreover, aldosterone acting by fast non-genomic mechanisms, may induce other potential deleterious effects on kidney function and structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A pharmacoeconomic analysis of the RISCAVID database aimed at assessing the cost effectiveness of phosphate binders in preventing CV mortality and morbidity over 7 years was performed.
Methods: Morbid or fatal events occurring in 750 chronic HD patients were recorded. Statistical analysis evaluated the distribution of variables and the effect of sevelamer on survival.
Background: The airborne spreading of enteric viruses can occur through the aerosol and droplets produced by toilet flushing. These can contaminate the surrounding environment, but few data exist to estimate the risk of exposure and infection. For this reason environmental monitoring of air and selected surfaces was carried out in 2 toilets of an office building and in 3 toilets of a hospital before and after cleaning operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. This clinical and social problem is mainly related to the ongoing epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome resulting in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. CKD is a well-recognized risk multiplier for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is widely known that CVD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral reviews have addressed the role of dyslipidemia in renal injury and the potential renal protective effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins). Experimental evidence in animals strongly supports the concept that statins may be renal protective. However, data in humans are scanty and contradictory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing alarmingly mainly as a result of an ongoing epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. CKD is a well-recognized risk multiplier for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is widely known that CVD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is significantly increased along the continuum of CKD, and it is more than 10 times higher in end-stage renal disease populations than in the general population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Resistance to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is often associated with chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated how anaemia, ESA resistance and the plasma levels of biological markers of inflammation could influence all-cause and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
Methods: Seven hundred and fifty-three haemodialysis (HD) patients (mean age 66 ± 14.
Background: We tested the hypothesis that soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), a biomarker of proatherogenic inflammation, may be predictive of cardiovascular (CV) events in a subgroup of patients from the RISCAVID study, an observational and prospective study in patients on haemodialysis (HD).
Methods: Plasma sCD40L levels were assessed at the time of the enrollment in 300 HD patients (mean age: 65 ± 15 years), recruited in five different centres. During a follow-up of 24 months, overall mortality, CV mortality and CV major nonfatal events (acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and stroke) were registered.
Blood Purif
November 2011
Background: Oxidative stress is prevalent in dialysis patients and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and anemia. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a central role in reducing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this cross-over randomized study was to compare the effects of a vitamin E-coated polysulfone (Vit E PS) membrane and a non-vitamin E-coated polysulfone (PS) membrane on inflammatory markers and resistance to erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: In recent years, treatment options for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) have increased (e.g., paricalcitol, calcimimetics).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Despite substantial progress in medical care, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high in dialysis patients. Evidence suggests that bone mineral dismetabolism (CKD-MBD) might contribute to this burden of death. However, to date only a few papers have investigated the clinical relevance of serum mineral derangements and the impact of different therapeutic strategies on mortality in a homogeneous cohort of south European dialysis patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by idiopathic glomerular diseases usually is progressive. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) retards, but does not abrogate, CKD progression. Statins and spironolactone may decrease the rate of CKD progression independently or in addition to RAS inhibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Insulin resistance (IR) is common among patients on dialysis and is worse among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) than among patients on hemodialysis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that administration of telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, might improve insulin sensitivity in patients on PD.
Method: This was a crossover study of 30 nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease being treated with PD.
Background: The 'RISchio CArdiovascolare nei pazienti afferenti all' Area Vasta In Dialisi' (RISCAVID) study is an observational and prospective trial including the whole chronic haemodialysis (HD) population in the northwest part of Tuscany (1.235 million people). The aim of the study was to elucidate the relevance of traditional and non-traditional risk factors of mortality and morbidity in HD patients as well as the impact of different HD modalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsulin resistance (IR) is commonly associated with other cardiovascular risk factors and is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and events. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique is considered the gold standard for evaluating IR, but this technique is cumbersome and not easily applicable in large studies. Therefore, there are no long-term follow-up published studies on the relationship between IR determined by this technique and cardiovascular outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus in most industrialized countries, including China and India, is reaching epidemic proportions and requires intense studies and interventions. Insulin resistance appears to be the most relevant feature of the metabolic syndrome and is often the precursor of diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which is considered the initial step in the process of atherosclerosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States has dramatically increased. Obesity clusters with a variety of hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study we evaluated whether overweight subjects with hypertension also manifest hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities compared with individuals of normal weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Experimental evidence suggests that aldosterone may contribute to progressive kidney disease. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) suppress the renin-angiotensin system, these agents do not adequately control plasma aldosterone levels. Hence, administration of aldosterone receptor antagonists may provide additional renal benefits to the ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chronic kidney diseases, particularly if presenting with significant proteinuria, are commonly associated with substantial alteration of serum lipid levels. Experimental evidence suggests that lipid abnormalities may contribute to the progression of kidney disease. However, studies in humans on the subject are scarce.
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