Determination of penicillins in milk of animal origin by capillary electrophoresis: is sample treatment the bottleneck for routine laboratories?

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is increasingly being used not only for research purposes but also for routine analyses. The latter, however, are especially difficult when the analytes are present at very low concentrations in complex food samples (e.g.

Easy sample treatment for the determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in raw bovine milk by capillary electrophoresis.

An easy, selective, and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its main active metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in raw bovine milk using CE with UV detection at 268 nm. Milk samples were prepared by a clean-up/extraction procedure based on protein precipitation with hydrochloride acid followed by being defatted by centrifugation and SPE using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge. Optimum separation was obtained using a 50 mM phosphoric acid at pH 8.

Determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in environmental samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using solid-phase treatments.

A sensitive and reliable method based on MEKC has been developed and validated for trace determination of neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid) and the metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in water and soil matrices. Optimum separation of the neonicotinoid insecticides was obtained on a 58 cm long capillary (75 μm id) using as the running electrolyte 40 mM SDS, 5 mM borate (pH 10.4), and 5% (v/v) methanol at a temperature of 25°C, a voltage of 25 kV and with hydrodynamic injection (10 s).

Thirty years of capillary electrophoresis in food analysis laboratories: potential applications.

CE has generated considerable interest in the research community since instruments were introduced by different trading companies in the 1990s. Nowadays, CE is popular due to its simplicity, speed, highly efficient separations and minimal solvent and reagent consumption; it can also be included as a useful technique in the nanotechnology field and it covers a wide range of specific applications in different fields (chemical, pharmaceutical, genetic, clinical, food and environmental). CE has been very well evaluated in research laboratories for several years, and different new approaches to improve sensitivity (one of the main drawbacks of CE) and robustness have been proposed.

Rapid characterization of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis.

Fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAE) (a mixture of nonionic surfactants) have been characterized using NACE with UV detection. Phenyl polyurethane derivatives of these compounds were previously obtained by reaction with phenyl isocyanate. The derivatization reaction only requires microwave irradiation for 30 s (600 W).