Effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants with echistatin on extracted and reimplanted rats' teeth.

To investigate the effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants incorporated with echistatin peptide on incisor reimplanted tooth in rats. Forty-two male Wistars rats were divided into two groups: echistatin-treated rats (E) and control rats (C). The animals had their right maxillary incisors extracted and treated according to the International Association of Dental Traumatology replantation protocol.

Ultrasonic agitation reduces the time of calcium hydroxide antimicrobial effect and enhances its penetrability.

Objectives: The objective of the present work was to evaluate the ultrasonic agitation, time and vehicle (propylene glycol or distilled water) on the antimicrobial potential and penetrability of calcium hydroxide pastes on infected dentin by means of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture (MC).

Materials And Methods: Dentin specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis using a new contamination protocol of 5 days. The specimens were divided into eight groups and dressed with the pastes for 7 or 15 days: G1) calcium hydroxide (CH) + propylene glycol (prop)/7 days (d), G2) CH + prop/7d + ultrasonic agitation (U), G3) CH + distilled water (dw)/7d, G4) CH + dw/7d + U, G5) CH + prop/15d, G6) CH + prop/15d + U, G7) CH + dw/15d, G8) CH + dw/15d + U.

CAMPANELLIProgrammed Death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) Expression in Chronic Apical Periodontitis.

Objective: This study aimed to examine programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death lig-and 1 (PD-L1) expression on leukocytes from chronic apical periodontitis, and to determine the levels of cytokines in the apical periodontitis lesions.

Methods: Leukocytes from healthy gingival tissue (n=16) and chronic apical periodontitis (n=10) were eval-uated using flow cytometry. The PD-1 and PDL-1 expressions were evaluated using flow cytometry.

Analysis of the reaction of subcutaneous tissues in rats and the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide paste used in association with different substances.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous tissue response in rats and the antimicrobial activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide dressings mixed with different substances against E. faecalis. Fifty four rats were divided into three experimental groups according to the vehicle in the calcium hydroxide treatment: 0.

Influence of bismuth oxide concentration on the pH level and biocompatibility of white Portland cement.

Objectives: To investigate if there is a relation between the increase of bismuth oxide and the decrease of pH levels and an intensification of toxicity in the Portland cement.

Material And Methods: White Portland cement (WPC) was mixed with 0, 15, 20, 30 and 50% bismuth oxide, in weight. For the pH level test, polyethylene tubes were filled with the cements and immersed in Milli-Q water for 15, 30 and 60 days.

Rat subcutaneous tissue response to calcium silicate containing different arsenic concentrations.

Objective: To evaluate the response of rat subcutaneous tissue in implanted polyethylene tubes that were filled with GMTA Angelus and Portland cements containing different arsenic concentrations.

Material And Methods: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was utilized to obtain the values of the arsenic concentration in the materials. Thirty-six rats were divided into 3 groups of 12 animals for each experimental period.

Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate.

Objective: To evaluate the biocompatibility and the setting time of Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA-CPM.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) received subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA. After 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation, the animals were killed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis.

Antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on intratubular Candida albicans.

This study investigated the efficacy of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gel for the elimination of intratubular Candida albicans (C. albicans). Human single-rooted teeth contaminated with C.

Antimicrobial activity of triantibiotic paste, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and calcium hydroxide on an intraoral-infected dentin biofilm model.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and triantibiotic paste (ie, metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin) by using an intraorally infected dentin biofilm model.

Methods: Forty bovine dentin specimens were infected intraorally using a removable orthodontic device in order to induce the biofilm colonization of the dentin. Then, the samples were treated with the medications for 7 days.

In vivo accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic methods in confirming root canal working length determination by Root ZX.

Objectives: To compare, in vivo, the accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic methods in determining root canal working length.

Material And Methods: Twenty-five maxillary incisor or canine teeth from 22 patients were used in this study. Considering the preoperative radiographs as the baseline, a 25 K file was inserted into the root canal to the point where the Root ZX electronic apex locator indicated the APEX measurement in the screen.

Influence of root canal sealer on the radiographic appearance of filling voids in maxillary single-rooted teeth.

Objective: This study compared the influence of three epoxy resin-based sealers with distinct radiopacities on the observers' ability to detect root canal filling voids during radiographic analysis.

Material And Methods: The root canals of 48 extracted maxillary canines were prepared and divided into three groups. Each group was laterally condensed with one sealer (AH Plus®, Acroseal® or a non-radiopaque sealer), and a longitudinal void was simulated in half of the specimens from each group (n=8).

Efficacy of the NaviTip FX irrigation needle in removing calcium hydroxide from root canal.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the NaviTip FX, brush-covered irrigation needle, in removing calcium hydroxide from the root canal.

Study Design: Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups: A - irrigation with a hypodermic needle inserted as far as possible without binding and activation with #30 K-type file; B - Irrigation with a hypodermic needle without activation; C - irrigation with NaviTip FX needle. Sodium hypoclorite 1% was used in irrigation.

The antimicrobial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants on intra-orally infected dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate if the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds to chelating agents or the use of chelating agents with antimicrobial activity as 7% maleic acid and peracetic acid show similar disinfection ability in comparison to conventional irrigants as sodium hypochlorite or iodine potassium iodide against biofilms developed on dentin.

Materials And Methods: The total bio-volume of live cells, the ratio of live cells and the substratum coverage of dentin infected intra-orally and treated with the irrigant solutions: MTAD, Qmix, Smear Clear, 7% maleic acid, 2% iodine potassium iodide, 4% peracetic acid, 2.5% and 5.

Repair of rabbit femur defects with organic bovine bone cancellous block or cortical granules.

Purpose: To investigate the osseous repair in epiphyseal rabbit femur defects treated with organic bovine bone (OBB) cancellous block or OBB cortical granules.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight trephined defects were made bilaterally in 30 rabbits. In 18 animals, the defects were filled with OBB cancellous block (experimental group 1) or OBB cortical granules (experimental group 2), and in 12 animals (control group), the defects on both sides were filled only with blood clot.

Physical properties and interfacial adaptation of three epoxy resin-based sealers.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiopacity, solubility, flow, film thickness, setting time, and adaptation to the root canal walls of 3 epoxy resin-based sealers: AH Plus, Acroseal, and Adseal.

Methods: Physical tests were performed following American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association's requirements. For interfacial adaptation analysis, 30 maxillary canines were shaped by using ProTaper instruments.

The influence of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog's teeth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of periapical radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections, and cone beam volumetric data on the determination of periapical bone destruction in endodontically treated distal root canals of premolar canine teeth. Nontreated mesial roots were used as controls.

Study Design: Enterococcus faecalis strain (ATCC 29212) was inoculated into 30 root canals of 2 mongrel dogs to induce apical periodontitis.

Removal efficiency of propolis paste dressing from the root canal.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the cleaning of root canal walls after the use of experimental propolis or calcium hydroxide root canal dressings.

Material And Methods: Twenty single-rooted teeth were used. After conventional cleaning and shaping procedures and removal of the smear layer with 17% EDTA, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the medication used (N=5): Group I (control) - No drug, Group II - Calcium hydroxide dressing, Group III - Propolis paste A70D and Group IV - Propolis paste D70D.

Evaluation of single root canals filled using the lateral compaction, tagger's hybrid, microseal and guttaflow techniques.

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of voids, gutta-percha and root canal sealer using 4 different filling techniques. Fifty-two extracted maxillary lateral incisors were prepared using the crown-down pressureless technique. The teeth were randomly divided in 4 groups (n=13): Lateral compaction (LC), Tagger's hybrid (TH), MicroSeal (MS) and GuttaFlow (GF) techniques.

Comparison of GPX with or without solvent and hand files in removing filling materials from root canals--an ex vivo study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare GPX instruments and hand files for gutta-percha removal.

Study Design: Fifty maxillary central incisors with a single straight canal were instrumented and filled. The teeth were divided into 5 groups of 10 specimens each, according to the gutta-percha removal techniques: group 1: GPX (21-mm-long teeth); group 2: GPX and xylol as solvent (21-mm-long teeth); group 3: GPX (25-mm-long teeth); group 4: GPX and xylol as solvent (25-mm-long teeth); and group 5: hand files and xylol as solvent.

Heat release, time required, and cleaning ability of MTwo R and ProTaper universal retreatment systems in the removal of filling material.

Introduction: This ex vivo study evaluated the heat release, time required, and cleaning efficacy of MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) and ProTaper Universal Retreatment systems (Dentsply/Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and hand instrumentation in the removal of filling material.

Methods: Sixty single-rooted human teeth with a single straight canal were obturated with gutta-percha and zinc oxide and eugenol-based cement and randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 20). After 30-day storage at 37 °C and 100% humidity, the root fillings were removed using ProTaper UR, MTwo R, or hand files.

Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of two commercial and three experimental root-end filling materials.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH, calcium release, setting time, and solubility of two commercially available mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements (white MTA Angelus and MTA Bio), and of three experimental cements (light-cured MTA, Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide and 5% calcium sulfate, and an epoxy resin-based cement).

Study Design: For evaluation of pH and calcium ion release, polyethylene tubes with 1.0 mm internal diameter and 10.

Antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis.

Introduction: Endodontic treatment is commonly based on nonspecific elimination of intraradicular microorganisms. Although some authors prefer single-visit root canal operations for endodontic treatment, several studies have shown the importance of intracanal medication between sessions to kill microorganisms that biomechanical preparations alone cannot achieve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)(2) and chlorhexidine gel on the elimination of intratubular Enterococcus faecalis.

Effect of sputter-coating on cracking of root-end surfaces after ultrasonic retrograde preparation--a SEM study of resected root apices and their respective impressions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of sputter-coating for SEM analysis on the formation of cracks on root-end surfaces after retrograde cavity preparation with ultrasonic tips. Root-end cavities were prepared with either Satelec S12/90 degrees D diamond-coated or S12/90 degrees non-coated stainless steel retrotips. Impressions were taken before and after retrograde cavity preparation.

Sealing ability, marginal adaptation and their correlation using three root-end filling materials as apical plugs.

Objective: This study used dye leakage assay and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate, respectively, the sealing ability and marginal adaptation of three root-end filling materials used as apical plugs, as well as the possible correlation between these properties.

Material And Methods: Ninety-eight single-rooted human teeth were prepared to simulate an open apex. The teeth were allocated to three experimental groups (n = 30), which received a 5-mm thick apical plug of (1) gray MTA Angelus, (2) CPM and (3) MBPc, and two controls groups (n = 4).

Influence of calcium hydroxide association on the physical properties of AH Plus.

Introduction: This study evaluated in vitro the radiopacity, setting time, flow, film thickness, solubility, and dimensional changes of AH Plus sealer pure (Dentsply De Trey Gmbh, Konstanz, Germany) and containing 5% and 10% of calcium hydroxide.

Methods: The study was performed according to the requirements of the ISO 6876:2001 standard and the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA)'s Specification No. 57.