Graphene oxide and GST-omega enzyme: An interaction that affects arsenic metabolism in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Arsenic (As) is one of the most widespread contaminants; it is found in almost every environment. Its toxic effects on living organisms have been studied for decades, but the interaction of this metalloid with other contaminants is still relatively unknown, mainly whether this interaction occurs with emerging contaminants such as nanomaterials. To examine this relationship, the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was exposed for 48 h to As, graphene oxide (GO; two different concentrations) or a combination of both, and gills, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues were sampled.