Brazilian best practice guidelines for amblyopia diagnosis and management.

This study aimed to propose a guideline for amblyopia treatment and follow-up. Studies show that amblyopia leads to a series of perceptual deficits, including loss of visual acuity, stereoacuity, and contrast sensitivity. Perceptual changes are also found in the sound eye, such as those involving the types of motion perception.

Congenital opticmeningocele: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Congenital opticmeningoceles were recently described as intraorbital optic nerve cystic lesions, in which neural tissue is found to be part of the lining of the lesion. We describe the case of an eleven-month-old patient with a right opticmeningocele, followed through seven years. He presented with proptosis and hypotropia since birth and imaging exams disclosed an intraconal cystic lesion.

Comparison of quantitative imaging devices and subjective optic nerve head assessment by general ophthalmologists to differentiate normal from glaucomatous eyes.

Purpose: To compare the ability of subjective assessment of optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) by general ophthalmologists and by a glaucoma expert with objective measurements by optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (HRT III; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and scanning laser polarimetry (GDx enhanced corneal compensation; Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc, Dublin, CA) in discriminating glaucomatous and normal eyes.

Methods: Sixty-one glaucomatous and 57 normal eyes of 118 subjects were included in the study. Three independent general ophthalmologists and 1 glaucoma expert evaluated ONH stereophotographs.

[Adverse effects associated with facial application of botulinum toxin: a systematic review with meta-analysis].

Purpose: To estimate the occurrence of adverse effects associated with the use of botulinum toxin by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted until September 2007. The occurrence of the adverse effects was estimated of the relative frequency for case report and of the relative risk for randomized trials.

[Nasolacrimal stent implantation: report of a case].

Epiphora (watering eye) is generally caused by insufficient drainage of tears. The most common cause of epiphora in adults is idiopathic inflammatory obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The traditional surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an external dacryocystorhinostomy, which has an 85% to 95% success rate.

[Wegener's granulomatosis: cases reports].

Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is characterized by a classic triad of granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract, necrotizing vasculitis and nephritis. The absence of renal disease defines a subset of " limited WG" . Approximately 50% of WG patients develop ophthalmic disease.