Cardiometabolic effects of hypoprolactinemia.

The fall of PRL levels below the lower limit of the normal range configures the condition of hypoprolactinemia. Unlike PRL excess, whose clinical features and treatments are well established, hypoprolactinemia has been only recently described as a morbid entity requiring prompt identification and proper therapeutic approach. Particularly, hypoprolactinemia has been reported to be associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and impaired cardiometabolic health, as visceral obesity, insulin-resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, chronic inflammation, and sexual dysfunction have been found more prevalent in patients with hypoprolactinemia as compared to those with normoprolactinemia.

Risk Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus During and After Pregnancy in Women With Prolactinomas.

Context: Prolactin (PRL) is a crucial mediator of glucoinsulinemic metabolism.

Objective: This work aims to dissect glucose metabolism during and after pregnancy in patients with prolactinomas.

Methods: A total of 52 patients treated with cabergoline (CAB) were evaluated before conception, during pregnancy, and up to 10 years after delivery.

Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Background: Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well-known effects, novel tissue-specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging.

Aims: To dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole-body gluco-insulinemic sensitivity.

The Vaginal Microbiome: A Long Urogenital Colonization Throughout Woman Life.

Vaginal microbial niche is a dynamic ecosystem, composed by more than 200 bacterial species which are influenced by genes, ethnic background and environmental-behavioral factors. Several lines of evidence have well documented that vaginal microbiome constantly changes over the course of woman's life, so to exert an important impact on woman quality of life, from newborn to post-menopausal ages. This review aims at analyzing the role of vaginal microbiome in the maintenance of woman's homeostasis and at tracking critical changes that commonly occur across woman's lifetime.