Could the periodontal therapy improve the cardiologic patient health? A narrative review.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the major cause of mortality globally, with increasing evidence suggesting a link between periodontitis, and CVD. This study aims to explore the association between periodontitis and CVD, and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular health.

Methods: This review synthesized findings from preclinical and clinical studies, without publication year restrictions, examining periodontitis and CVD through various lenses.

Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Field (PEMF) Effect on Bone Healing in Animal Models: A Review of Its Efficacy Related to Different Type of Damage.

Biophysical energies are a versatile tool to stimulate tissues by generating biopotentials. In particular, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has intrigued researchers since the 1970s. To date, many investigations have been carried out in vivo, but a gold standard treatment protocol has not yet been defined.

Bioactive Glasses in Periodontal Regeneration: Existing Strategies and Future Prospects-A Literature Review.

The present review deals with bioactive glasses (BGs), a class of biomaterials renowned for their osteoinductive and osteoconductive capabilities, and thus widely used in tissue engineering, i.e., for the repair and replacement of damaged or missing bone.

Influence of Tooth-Brushing on Early Healing after Access Flap Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Preliminary Study.

In the present study, the clinical outcomes obtained using three different protocols of post-operative plaque control for the 4 weeks after surgery were compared. Thirty healthy subjects, presenting at least one periodontal pocket requiring resective surgery, were selected and randomly distributed to three different groups corresponding to respective post-surgical protocols: (A) toothbrushes + chlorhexidine + anti-discoloration system (ADS + CHX); (B) toothbrushes + chlorhexidine (CHX); (C) only toothbrushes. The full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), recession depth (REC), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were measured in six aspects per tooth (mesio-buccal (MB), buccal (B), disto-buccal (DB), disto-lingual (DL), lingual (L), and mesio-lingual (ML)) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.

A Novel Bioactive Glass Containing Therapeutic Ions with Enhanced Biocompatibility.

A novel bioactive glass containing therapeutic ions with enhanced biocompatibility was designed and produced by the classical melt-quenching route. Starting from a very promising composition (Bio_MS), which combined bioactivity and high crystallization temperature, the ratio between some oxides was tailored to obtain a new and more reactive (in terms of dissolution rate) bioactive glass, called BGMSN (composition in mol%: 6.1 NaO, 31.

Chitosan-Based Bioactive Glass Gauze: Microstructural Properties, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Biological Tests.

Passive commercial gauzes were turned into interactive wound dressings by impregnating them with a chitosan suspension. To further improve healing, and cell adhesion and proliferation, chitosan/bioactive glass wound dressings were produced with the addition of (i) 45S5, (ii) a Sr- and Mg-containing bioactive glass, and (iii) a Zn-containing bioactive glass to the chitosan suspension. SEM and FTIR analyses evidenced positive results in terms of incorporation of bioactive glass particles.

Cell Proliferation to Evaluate Preliminarily the Presence of Enduring Self-Regenerative Antioxidant Activity in Cerium Doped Bioactive Glasses.

(1) Background: a cell evaluation focused to verify the self-regenerative antioxidant activity is performed on cerium doped bioactive glasses. (2) Methods: the glasses based on 45S5 Bioglass, are doped with 1.2 mol%, 3.

In vitro studies of solution precursor plasma-sprayed copper-doped hydroxyapatite coatings with increasing copper content.

In this present study, in vitro characterization on bioactivity and biocompatibility of the copper-doped hydroxyapatite (Cu-HA) coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V alloy with increasing copper content obtained using solution precursor plasma spray process were evaluated under simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytotoxicity tests. The growth of flake-like structures was observed at the coatings' surface after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Elemental composition analysis showed a calcium-deficient carbonate-containing apatite for the grown layer.

PO-Free Cerium Containing Glasses: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Evaluation.

(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of PO-free and CeO doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.

Zinc containing bioactive glasses with ultra-high crystallization temperature, good biological performance and antibacterial effects.

Novel bioactive glasses with different amount of zinc oxide (ZnO), namely 2, 3.8 and 5 mol%, were designed, produced by a melt-quenching route and investigated in terms of biological performance. Proper amounts of ZnO were added to a previously developed bioactive glass containing strontium and magnesium, characterized by an ultra-high crystallization temperature.

A New Bioactive Glass/Collagen Hybrid Composite for Applications in Dentistry.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are currently employed in a wide range of medical and dentistry applications by virtue of their bone-bonding ability. The incorporation of BGs into a collagen matrix may be used to combine the regenerative potential of these materials with the specific biological advantages of collagen. However, most of the collagen/BG composites reported in the literature are scaffolds and there is a lack of moldable putties or injectable systems.

Cytocompatibility of Potential Bioactive Cerium-Doped Glasses based on 45S5.

The cytocompatibility of potential bioactive cerium-containing (Ce/Ce) glasses is here investigated by preparing three different glasses with increasing amount of doping CeO₂ (1.2, 3.6 and 5.

SBF assays, direct and indirect cell culture tests to evaluate the biological performance of bioglasses and bioglass-based composites: Three paradigmatic cases.

A novel bioglass composition (BGMS10), containing strontium and magnesium and characterized by an ultra-high crystallization temperature, is here employed for the first time to produce different composites with the addition of specific amounts of hydroxyapatite. After an investigation of the samples' bioactivity in vitro in a simulated body fluid solution (SBF) - according to a widely used protocol -, the biocompatibility of the new materials was tested with respect to murine fibroblasts both by direct and indirect tests, in order to evaluate possible cytotoxic effects of the materials' eluates. Although none of the samples were cytotoxic and their bioactivity in SBF increased with the increasing amount of the glass in the composite, thus showing the best performance in the case of pure BGMS10 glass, the findings of the biological investigation did not confirm those arising from the SBF assay.

Bone Regeneration by Novel Bioactive Glasses Containing Strontium and/or Magnesium: A Preliminary In-Vivo Study.

In this work, a set of novel bioactive glasses have been tested in vivo in an animal model. The new compositions, characterized by an exceptional thermal stability and high in vitro bioactivity, contain strontium and/or magnesium, whose biological benefits are well documented in the literature. To simulate a long-term implant and to study the effect of the complete dissolution of glasses, samples were implanted in the mid-shaft of rabbits' femur and analyzed 60 days after the surgery; such samples were in undersized powder form.

Structural and ultrastructural analyses of bone regeneration in rabbit cranial osteotomy: Piezosurgery versus traditional osteotomes.

Clinical advantages of piezosurgery have been already proved. However, few investigations have focused on the dynamics of bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in adult rabbits, bone regeneration after cranial linear osteotomies with two piezoelectrical devices (Piezosurgery Medical - PM and Piezosurgery Plus - PP), comparing them with conventional rotary osteotomes (RO).

A comparative in vivo evaluation of bioactive glasses and bioactive glass-based composites for bone tissue repair.

In this work a set of novel materials for bone tissue regeneration have been tested in vivo in an animal model. In fact, despite many studies have been devoted to amorphous 45S5 Bioglass®, there is lack in the literature of works aimed to study the in vivo performance of heat-treated - and thus partially crystallized - 45S5. As widely reported, crystallization limits the bioactivity of 45S5 and is the main reason that prevents a broader use of this material.

Role of magnesium oxide and strontium oxide as modifiers in silicate-based bioactive glasses: Effects on thermal behaviour, mechanical properties and in-vitro bioactivity.

The composition of a CaO-rich silicate bioglass (BG_Ca-Mix, in mol%: 2.3 NaO; 2.3 KO; 45.

Bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite composites: mechanical properties and biological evaluation.

Bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue repair and regeneration have been produced and discussed. The use of a recently developed glass, namely BG_Ca/Mix, with its low tendency to crystallize, allowed one to sinter the samples at a relatively low temperature thus avoiding several adverse effects usually reported in the literature, such as extensive crystallization of the glassy phase, hydroxyapatite (HA) decomposition and reaction between HA and glass. The mechanical properties of the composites with 80wt.

Sol-gel derived bioactive glasses with low tendency to crystallize: synthesis, post-sintering bioactivity and possible application for the production of porous scaffolds.

A new sol-gel (SG) method is proposed to produce special bioactive glasses (BG_Ca family) characterized by a low tendency to devitrify. These formulations, derived from 45S5 Bioglass®, are characterized by a high content of CaO (45.6 mol%) and by a partial or complete substitution of sodium oxide with potassium oxide (total amount of alkaline oxides: 4.