Effects of domestication on the gut microbiota parallel those of human industrialization.

Domesticated animals experienced profound changes in diet, environment, and social interactions that likely shaped their gut microbiota and were potentially analogous to ecological changes experienced by humans during industrialization. Comparing the gut microbiota of wild and domesticated mammals plus chimpanzees and humans, we found a strong signal of domestication in overall gut microbial community composition and similar changes in composition with domestication and industrialization. Reciprocal diet switches within mouse and canid dyads demonstrated the critical role of diet in shaping the domesticated gut microbiota.

Electronic Spectroscopy of 2-Phenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole and Its Derivatives: Important Building Blocks of Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Aryl boronate esters, such as 2-phenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole (), are important components in the formation of a variety of covalent organic frameworks. The addition of substituents on the aromatic rings of aryl boronate esters has the potential to modify the structure, reactivity, and electronic properties of the resulting materials, and so, it is useful to understand at a more fundamental level the properties of these important compounds. Experimental measurements and computational investigations are presented herein that provide insight regarding the structural and electronic properties of parent aryl boronate ester as well as three substituted derivatives: 2-(-tolyl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole (), 2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole (), and 2-(4-(-butyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole ().

Informed decision-making about prenatal cfDNA screening: An assessment of written materials.

Objectives: The introduction of prenatal cfDNA screening for fetal aneuploidy and other genetic conditions has exacerbated concerns about informed decision-making in clinical prenatal testing. To assess the information provided to patients to facilitate decisions about cfDNA screening, we collected written patient education and consent documents created by laboratories and clinics.

Methods: Informed consent documents (IC) were coded by two independent coders.