State of the art and perspectives in pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) and pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare primary malignant liver cancers in children and young adults. HB is the most common and accounts for about 70 % cases; it is usually diagnosed during the first 3 years of life. Instead, pediatric HCC is uncommon, and it is associated with a poor prognosis.

Spontaneous Dissemination in Neighboring Provinces of DKA Prevention Campaign Successfully Launched in Nineties in Parma's Province.

Aim: to investigate how much effectiveness of the historical campaign of DKA prevention at T1D diagnosis has survived in Parma's province where this was launched in Nineties, and how much it has spontaneously spread in the neighboring provinces.

Method: children aged 6-14 years with newly diagnosed TID coming from province of Parma (Group 1) and from two other nearby provinces (Group 2)  were investigated. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from medical files of each patient and included age, gender, capillary pH, serum bicarbonate, 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the time of admittance from 1st January 2012 and 31 December 2016.