in sheep: Serological occurrence at slaughterhouse level in Italy and environmental risk factors.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease affecting a wide range of species, including humans, and can be responsible for important clinical manifestations such as abortion and neurological signs. Sheep show a remarkable susceptibility to its causative agent, , and zoonotic transmission may occur in case of consumption of undercooked meat obtained from infected animals. seroprevalence in sheep can significantly vary on a geographical basis, as shown by numerous surveys conducted worldwide.

Exercise Training and Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Patients with Cardiovascular Complications: State of Art.

Recent scientific literature has investigated the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. The mechanisms of cardiovascular damage seem to involve the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), to which severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) binds to penetrate cells and other mechanisms, most of which are still under study. Cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 include heart failure, cardiomyopathy, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism.

Pest Management and Ochratoxin A Contamination in Grapes: A Review.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic member of ochratoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. The most relevant species involved in OTA production in grapes is . Berry infection by is enhanced by damage to the skin caused by abiotic and biotic factors.

Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Cereal-Based Feed and Food.

Dietary (co)-exposure to mycotoxins is associated with human and animal health concerns as well as economic losses. This study aims to give a data-based insight from the scientific literature on the (co-)occurrence of mycotoxins (i.e.

Inhibitor of NF-kappa B kinases alpha and beta are both essential for high mobility group box 1-mediated chemotaxis [corrected].

Inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinases beta (IKKbeta) and alpha (IKKalpha) activate distinct NF-kappaB signaling modules. The IKKbeta/canonical NF-kappaB pathway rapidly responds to stress-like conditions, whereas the IKKalpha/noncanonical pathway controls adaptive immunity. Moreover, IKKalpha can attenuate IKKbeta-initiated inflammatory responses.

High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1.

High mobility group B box (HMGB) proteins are a family of chromatin proteins made up of two basic DNA binding domains, HMG box A and B, and a C-terminal acidic tail. HMGB have a highly conserved sequence, but different expression pattern: HMGB1 is almost ubiquitous, whereas the others are highly expressed in only a few tissues in adults. We previously demonstrated that HMGB1 is released by necrotic cells and has chemoattractant activity for inflammatory and stem cells, via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE).

Src family kinases are necessary for cell migration induced by extracellular HMGB1.

HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that signals tissue damage, as it is released by cells dying traumatically or secreted by activated innate immunity cells. Extracellular HMGB1 elicits the migration to the site of tissue damage of several cell types, including inflammatory cells and stem cells. The identity of the signaling pathways activated by extracellular HMGB1 is not known completely: We reported previously that ERK and NF-kappaB pathways are involved, and we report here that Src is also activated.

High-mobility group box 1 protein in human and murine skin: involvement in wound healing.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a multifunctional cytokine involved in inflammatory responses and tissue repair. In this study, it was examined whether HMGB1 plays a role in skin wound repair both in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. HMGB1 was detected in the nucleus of skin cells, and accumulated in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells in the wounded skin.

Cells migrating to sites of tissue damage in response to the danger signal HMGB1 require NF-kappaB activation.

Tissue damage is usually followed by healing, as both differentiated and stem cells migrate to replace dead or damaged cells. Mesoangioblasts (vessel-associated stem cells that can repair muscles) and fibroblasts migrate toward soluble factors released by damaged tissue. Two such factors are high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein that is released by cells undergoing unscheduled death (necrosis) but not by apoptotic cells, and stromal derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCL12.

Multiple effects of high mobility group box protein 1 in skeletal muscle regeneration.

Objective: High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a cytokine released by necrotic and inflammatory cells in response to injury. We examined the role of HMGB1 in skeletal muscle regeneration after hindlimb ischemia.

Methods And Results: Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in mice by femoral artery dissection.

HMGB1: a signal of necrosis.

When tissues are damaged, they usually heal. The cellular responses towards healing require the prior recognition that damage has occurred. High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is passively released by cells that have died in a traumatic, non-programmed way (necrosis).

Smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques secrete and proliferate in response to high mobility group box 1 protein.

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a chromatin component leaked out by necrotic cells and actively secreted by activated myeloid cells. The extracellular protein is a potent mediator of tissue remodeling. We show here that human atherosclerotic plaques, but not normal arteries, produce extracellular HMGB1.

Magnesium as a neuroprotectant in cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: We sought to evaluate magnesium as a neuroprotectant in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: From February 2002 to September 2003, 350 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, or both were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial to receive either magnesium sulfate to increase plasma levels 1(1/2) to 2 times normal during cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 174) or no intervention (n = 176). Neurologic function, neuropsychologic function, and depression were assessed preoperatively, at 24 and 96 hours after extubation (neurologic) and at 3 months (neuropsychologic, depression).

Exogenous high-mobility group box 1 protein induces myocardial regeneration after infarction via enhanced cardiac C-kit+ cell proliferation and differentiation.

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a chromatin protein that is released by inflammatory and necrotic cells. Extracellular HMGB1 signals tissue damage, stimulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and modulates stem cell function. The present study examined exogenous HMGB1 effect on mouse left-ventricular function and myocyte regeneration after infarction.

High mobility group box 1 protein, a cue for stem cell recruitment.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone protein required to maintain chromatin architecture. Recent observations demonstrated that HMGB1 can also act as a cytokine to regulate different biological processes such as inflammation, cell migration and metastasis. We showed previously that HMGB1 can be released passively by cells that die in a traumatic and unprogrammed way, and can serve a signal of tissue damage.

Extracellular HMGB1, a signal of tissue damage, induces mesoangioblast migration and proliferation.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant chromatin protein that acts as a cytokine when released in the extracellular milieu by necrotic and inflammatory cells. Here, we show that extracellular HMGB1 and its receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) induce both migration and proliferation of vessel-associated stem cells (mesoangioblasts), and thus may play a role in muscle tissue regeneration. In vitro, HMGB1 induces migration and proliferation of both adult and embryonic mesoangioblasts, and disrupts the barrier function of endothelial monolayers.

Different effects of high and low shear stress on platelet-derived growth factor isoform release by endothelial cells: consequences for smooth muscle cell migration.

In the present study, we analyzed the effect of conditioned media (CM) from bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress (SS) of 5 dyne/cm2 (SS5) or 15 dyne/cm2 (SS15) for 16 hours on smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. In response to CM from bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to SS5 (CMSS5) and SS15 (CMSS15), migration was 45 +/- 5.5 and 30 +/- 1.