Integron-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors in Typhimurium Isolated from Poultry.

This study investigates antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Typhimurium in poultry, focusing on how class I integrons contribute to AMR and virulence. Using whole genome sequencing, researchers analyzed 26 Typhimurium isolates from U.S.

Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of collected from livestock, poultry and humans.

is one of the most prominent nosocomial, community and farm acquired bacterial infections among animals and human populations. The main purpose of our study was to identify and characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among isolated from livestock, poultry and humans and to further identify the associated genes. isolates from human, bovine, swine and poultry were collected from different laboratories across the United States collected between 2003 and 2016.

Metabolomic Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Typhimurium from Humans, Bovine, and Porcine Hosts.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, yet tools for detecting resistance patterns are limited and require advanced molecular methods. Metabolomic approaches produce metabolite profiles and help provide scientific evidence of differences in metabolite expressions between Typhimurium from various hosts. This research aimed to evaluate the metabolomic profiles of Typhimurium associated with AMR and it compares profiles across various hosts.

Genomic diversity of class I integrons from antimicrobial resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from livestock, poultry and humans.

Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious issue prevalent in various agriculture-related foodborne pathogens including Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) Typhimurium. Class I integrons have been detected in Salmonella spp.

Socio-ecological Factors of Zoonotic Diseases Exposure in Colorado Dairy Workers.

: Zoonotic pathogens on dairy farms are a known risk for people who work and live there. Exposure and/or transmission of serovars, (O157; H7), , and have been documented to occur in the dairy farm environment. Social ecological factors have been identified as determinants of preventive behaviors of people at risk of infectious diseases.

A Cautionary Report for Pathogen Identification Using Shotgun Metagenomics; A Comparison to Aerobic Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Identification.

This study was conducted to compare aerobic culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lateral flow immunoassay (LFI), and shotgun metagenomics for identification of in feces collected from feedlot cattle. Samples were analyzed in parallel using all four tests. Results from aerobic culture and PCR were 100% concordant and indicated low prevalence (3/60 samples positive).

Investigating Effects of Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis on the Fecal Resistome and Microbiome of Commercial Feedlot Cattle Early in the Feeding Period.

The objective was to examine effects of treating commercial beef feedlot cattle with therapeutic doses of tulathromycin, a macrolide antimicrobial drug, on changes in the fecal resistome and microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Two pens of cattle were used, with all cattle in one pen receiving metaphylaxis treatment (800 mg subcutaneous tulathromycin) at arrival to the feedlot, and all cattle in the other pen remaining unexposed to parenteral antibiotics throughout the study period. Fecal samples were collected from 15 selected cattle in each group just prior to treatment (Day 1), and again 11 days later (Day 11).

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 Shedding in Preweaned Calves on Colorado Dairies.

To gain insight into a potential age-related predisposition for Escherichia coli pathogen shedding on dairies, this pilot study measured the prevalence of E. coli O157 (ECO157) in the feces of preweaned dairy calves. An aim of this study was to link these outcomes with the concurrent environmental presence of ECO157 and dam ECO157 shedding elucidated in a parallel study.

Rapid screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical elephant trunk wash samples.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can infect and be transmitted between elephants and humans. In elephants, the 'gold standard' reference test for detection of tuberculosis is culture, which takes a minimum of eight weeks for results and has limited sensitivity. A screening test that is rapid, easily implemented, and accurate is needed to aid in diagnosis of tuberculosis in elephants.

Characterization of the resistome in manure, soil and wastewater from dairy and beef production systems.

It has been proposed that livestock production effluents such as wastewater, airborne dust and manure increase the density of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes in the environment. The public health risk posed by this proposed outcome has been difficult to quantify using traditional microbiological approaches. We utilized shotgun metagenomics to provide a first description of the resistome of North American dairy and beef production effluents, and identify factors that significantly impact this resistome.

Resistome diversity in cattle and the environment decreases during beef production.

Antimicrobial resistant determinants (ARDs) can be transmitted from livestock systems through meat products or environmental effluents. The public health risk posed by these two routes is not well understood, particularly in non-pathogenic bacteria. We collected pooled samples from 8 groups of 1741 commercial cattle as they moved through the process of beef production from feedlot entry through slaughter.

Inhibiting avian influenza virus shedding using a novel RNAi antiviral vector technology: proof of concept in an avian cell model.

Influenza A viruses pose significant health and economic threats to humans and animals. Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) are a liability to the poultry industry and increase the risk for transmission to humans. There are limitations to using the AIV vaccine in poultry, creating barriers to controlling outbreaks and a need for alternative effective control measures.

Use of Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing Technology To Detect Foodborne Pathogens within the Microbiome of the Beef Production Chain.

Foodborne illnesses associated with pathogenic bacteria are a global public health and economic challenge. The diversity of microorganisms (pathogenic and nonpathogenic) that exists within the food and meat industries complicates efforts to understand pathogen ecology. Further, little is known about the interaction of pathogens within the microbiome throughout the meat production chain.

Comparison of RNA extraction methods to augment the sensitivity for the differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana1 and New Jersey.

Two methods for the extraction of RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana1 and New Jersey and their simultaneous amplification by one-step polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcriptase were evaluated. A guanidine-thiocyanate-based RNA extraction (Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen, Valencia, CA ) followed by column-based purification coupled with one-step RT-PCR proved to be a simple, safe, practicable, and reliable tool for rapid, highly sensitive, and specific differential diagnosis of both types of VSV in cell lysate and spiked tissue samples as compared with the tri-phasic extraction method (Tri-reagent method). When RNA was extracted either from VSV cell culture stock or from VSV spiked bovine lymph nodes by using Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit, the detection limit in the multiplex RT-PCR was as low as 0.

Lack of correlation between antibody titers to fibrinogen-binding protein of Streptococcus equi and persistent carriers of strangles.

Previously published studies have neither used nor reported the results of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) to measure serologic responses in natural outbreaks of strangles. The concept of using serologic responses to identify persistent carriers of Streptococcus equi has been proposed but not scientifically evaluated. The specific aims of the current study were to determine the duration and level of truncated fibrinogen-binding protein-specific (SeM allele 1) antibody production in ponies involved in a natural outbreak of strangles and to determine if test results from this serologic iELISA could predict persistent carrier status.

A single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis Indiana 1 and New Jersey viruses in insects.

A multiplex single-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed for the detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV), Indiana 1 and New Jersey, from insect samples. Using this assay, detection of either or both viruses in as little as 20 fg of total RNA from tissue culture was achieved, along with detection of vesicular stomatitis (VS) RNA from macerates containing 2 infected mosquitoes in pools of 10-30 noninfected mosquitoes. Vesicular stomatitis virus was detected by RT-PCR in all culture-positive samples, and detection as low as 4 plaque forming units per milliliter was achieved.

Population-based study of fecal shedding of Clostridium perfringens in broodmares and foals.

Objective: To determine the percentage of broodmares and foals that shed Clostridium perfringens in their feces and classify the genotypes of those isolates.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Animals: 128 broodmares and their foals on 6 equine premises.