Diagnosis of congenital infections in premature, low-birthweight newborns with intrauterine growth restriction caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Parvo-B 19, and Zika virus: a systematic review.

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of viral congenital infections in newborns classified as premature, low-birthweight, small for gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction.

Methods: The definition considered for selecting papers were: P as newborns younger than 28 days; V as low-birthweight, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction; O as frequency of congenital infections with Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, Herpes Simplex, and Zika virus. The research was performed using EMBASE, LILACS, SCOPUS and MEDLINE databases, with no limitations on date and language.

Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a as a Cause of Meningitis in Children in Brazil.

Background: Since the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines, invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) has been reported with increasing frequency.

Methods: This study is based on hospital-based surveillance for Hia meningitis over a 5-year period.

Results: Thirty-five patients with H.

Donor-Derived Tuberculosis: A Case Report and the Role of Communication Gaps in Transplantation Safety.

Donor-derived tuberculosis (DD-TB) accounts for less than 5% of TB cases and is considered a rare event. In the transplant setting, the frequency of active TB is estimated to be 20 to 74 times higher than that in the general population, and it is associated with high mortality. In this context, the main strategy to minimize the risk of DD transmission is to identify high-risk donors.

Study of Complications of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children at a Reference Hospital for Infectious Disease Treatment.

Objectives: Varicella is a disease with potentially severe complications. We aimed to investigate characteristics of hospitalized children with varicella in Brazil in the prevaccine period and to identify predictors for requiring intensive care treatment.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from May 2011 to April 2014.

Perinatal Yellow Fever: A Case Report.

An outbreak of yellow fever in Brazil made it possible to assess different presentations of disease such as perinatal transmission. A pregnant woman was admitted to hospital with yellow fever symptoms. She was submitted to cesarean section and died due to fulminant hepatitis.

High Frequency of Bone Marrow Depression During Congenital Toxoplasmosis Therapy in a Cohort of Children Identified by Neonatal Screening in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Background: There are few studies reporting frequency and control of adverse events associated with congenital toxoplasmosis treatment. The objective of this study is to describe treatment adherence and adverse hematologic events in a cohort of children identified with congenital toxoplasmosis in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Methods: Children were treated with sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine and folinic acid and were evaluated clinically and by laboratory tests at regular intervals.

Zika virus challenges for neuropsychiatry.

Before 2007, Zika virus (ZIKV) was generally considered as an arbovirus of low clinical relevance, causing a mild self-limiting febrile illness in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia. Currently, a large, ongoing outbreak of ZIKV that started in Brazil in 2015 is spreading across the Americas. Virus infection during pregnancy has been potentially linked to congenital malformations, including microcephaly.

Evaluation of national health-care related infection criteria for epidemiological surveillance in neonatology.

Objective: to assess the use of the Brazilian criteria for reporting of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the neonatal unit and compare them with the criteria proposed by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).

Methods: this was a cross-sectional study conducted from 2009 to 2011. It included neonates with HAI reporting by at least one of the criteria.

Adverse socioeconomic conditions and oocyst-related factors are associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in a population-based study in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objective: Congenital toxoplasmosis is a public health problem in Brazil. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in Minas Gerais which is the second largest Brazilian State based on number of inhabitants, and its territorial extension is larger than that of France.

Methods: Population-based case-control study to assess the association between congenital toxoplasmosis and maternal exposure to infection risk factors.

Risk factors and lethality of laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection caused by non-skin contaminant pathogens in neonates.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors and lethality of late onset laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (LCBI) in a Brazilian neonatal unit for progressive care (NUPC).

Methods: This was a case-control study, performed from 2008 to 2012. Cases were defined as all newborns with late onset LCBI, excluding patients with isolated common skin contaminants.

Infectious complications associated with the use of central venous catheters in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

In this prospective, observational study, we sought to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of central venous catheter-associated infection in 56 patients admitted for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In multivariate analysis, we found a 7-fold higher risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection with central venous catheter insertion in the internal jugular vein as compared with the subclavian access. Patients with central line-associated bloodstream infection had a higher incidence of acute renal failure.

Risk factors and preventive measures for catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Objective: To review the risk factors of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and the recommendations for its prevention.

Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration and Bireme were reviewed using the following inclusion criteria: studies published between 2000 and 2010, study design, hospitalized pediatric population with central venous catheters and studies about central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection. In addition, reference documents were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency.

IgG and IgM western blot assay for diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of western blot (WB) analysis as a diagnostic tool for congenital toxoplasmosis in 215 newborn infants. The children were submitted to clinical examinations to assess macular, neurological and hearing signals. The WB results obtained were compared to the persistence of IgG antibodies at the end of 12 months, which is regarded as the "gold standard" diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Congenital toxoplasmosis from a chronically infected woman with reactivation of retinochoroiditis during pregnancy.

Objective: To report a rare case of congenital toxoplasmosis from an immunocompetent mother with chronic infection who had reactivation of ocular disease during pregnancy.

Description: The newborn was asymptomatic at birth and identified by neonatal screening (IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii in dried blood) among other 190 infants with congenital toxoplasmosis during a 7-month period. His mother had had a non-treated episode of reactivation of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis during pregnancy, with stable IgG titers and negative IgM results.

Effectiveness of dual and triple antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-infected children.

Objective: The use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children has been a widely discussed issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dual nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens and three-drug regimens [2NRTI+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI)] in a cohort of HIV-infected children.

Methods: The study was carried out in a referral center for the management of infected children, which is affiliated with the School of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG).

[Etiology and evolution of bacterial meningitis in a pediatric center].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of the etiological agents of bacterial meningitis in a reference center for the treatment of infectious diseases in the state of Minas Gerais. METHODS: Descriptive study including all children with probable diagnosis of meningitis between June/1999 and November/1999. RESULTS: There were 210 cases of meningitis, and 111 (52.