A multi-model approach integrating whole-slide imaging and clinicopathologic features to predict breast cancer recurrence risk.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide and is notable for its morphologic and biologic diversity, with varying risks of recurrence following treatment. The Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score test is an important predictive and prognostic genomic assay for estrogen receptor positive/HER2 negative breast cancer that guides therapeutic strategies; however, such tests can be expensive, delay care, and are not widely available. The aim of this study was to develop a multi-model approach integrating the analysis of whole-slide images and clinicopathologic data to predict their associated breast cancer recurrence risks and categorize these patients into two risk groups according to the predicted score: low-risk and high-risk.

MRI-guided Near-infrared Spectroscopic Tomography (MRg-NIRST) Imaging System with Wearable Breast Optical Interface for Breast Cancer Imaging.

To develop a novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Tomography (MRg-NIRST) imaging system with an MRI-compatible breast optical interface for breast imaging.

The impact of breast cancer radiation therapy exposure on the prevalence of breast arterial calcification.

Objectives: Mammographic breast arterial calcification (BAC) is an emerging imaging biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women. The purpose of this study was to assess if breast radiation therapy (RT) exposure impacts the screening utility of this imaging biomarker.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included women ages 40-75 years who underwent index screening mammography between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012.

Breast density knowledge and willingness to delay treatment for pre-operative breast cancer imaging among women with a personal history of breast cancer.

Background: Following a breast cancer diagnosis, it is uncertain whether women's breast density knowledge influences their willingness to undergo pre-operative imaging to detect additional cancer in their breasts. We evaluated women's breast density knowledge and their willingness to delay treatment for pre-operative testing.

Methods: We surveyed women identified in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium aged ≥ 18 years, with first breast cancer diagnosed within the prior 6-18 months, who had at least one breast density measurement within the 5 years prior to their diagnosis.

Sixteen-Year Institutional Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Breast Biopsies: Trends in Histologic Diagnoses With Radiologic Correlation.

Background: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging tool for the management of breast cancer patients and for screening women at high risk for breast cancer.

Objectives: To examine long-term trends in the distribution of histologic diagnoses obtained from MRI-guided breast biopsies.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Automated classification of fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes on screening mammograms.

Objective: Fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes (LNs) are unique sites for ectopic fat deposition. Early studies showed a strong correlation between fatty LNs and obesity-related diseases. Confirming this correlation requires large-scale studies, hindered by scarce labeled data.

Near-Infrared Spectral Tomography for Predicting Residual Cancer Burden during Early-Stage Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate whether near-infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) might serve as a reliable prognostic tool to predict residual cancer burden (RCB) in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) based upon early treatment response measurements.

Experimental Design: A total of thirty-five patients with breast cancer receiving NAC were included in this study. NIRST imaging was performed at multiple time points, including: before treatment, at end of the first cycle, at the mid-point, and post-NAC treatments.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis versus Digital Mammography Screening Performance on Successive Screening Rounds from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.

Background Prior cross-sectional studies have observed that breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has a lower recall rate and higher cancer detection rate compared with digital mammography (DM). Purpose To evaluate breast cancer screening outcomes with DBT versus DM on successive screening rounds. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data from 58 breast imaging facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium were collected.

Breast-Conserving Surgery Margin Guidance Using Micro-Computed Tomography: Challenges When Imaging Radiodense Resection Specimens.

Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is an integral component of early-stage breast cancer treatment, but costly reexcision procedures are common due to the high prevalence of cancer-positive margins on primary resections. A need exists to develop and evaluate improved methods of margin assessment to detect positive margins intraoperatively.

Methods: A prospective trial was conducted through which micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with radiological interpretation by three independent readers was evaluated for BCS margin assessment.

National Performance Benchmarks for Screening Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Update from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.

Background It is important to establish screening mammography performance benchmarks for quality improvement efforts. Purpose To establish performance benchmarks for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening and evaluate performance trends over time in U.S.

Association between fat-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes on screening mammography and cardiometabolic disease.

Objective: Ectopic fat deposition within and around organs is a stronger predictor of cardiometabolic disease status than body mass index (BMI). Fat deposition within the lymphatic system is poorly understood. This study examined the association between the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and ectopic fat deposition within axillary lymph nodes (LNs) visualized on screening mammograms.

Open-Ended Transmission Coaxial Probes for Sarcopenia Assessment.

We developed a handheld, side-by-side transmission-based probe for interrogating tissue to diagnose sarcopenia-a condition largely characterized by muscle loss and replacement by fat. While commercial microwave reflection-based probes exist, they can only be used in a lab for a variety of applications. The penetration depth of these probes is only in the order of 0.

Decrease in the Size of Fat-Enlarged Axillary Lymph Nodes and Serum Lipids after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Ectopic fat deposition in obesity is associated with organ dysfunction; however, little is known about fat deposition within the lymphatic system and associated lymphatic dysfunction.

Methods: One hundred fifty-five women who underwent routine screening mammography before and after a Roux-en-y gastric bypass or a sleeve gastrectomy were retrospectively reviewed and after excluding women without visible nodes both before and after bariatric surgery, 84 patients were included in the final analysis. Axillary lymph node size, patient weight in kilograms, body mass index, and a diagnosis of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia were evaluated before and after surgery.

First-In-Human Study in Cancer Patients Establishing the Feasibility of Oxygen Measurements in Tumors Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance With the OxyChip.

Objective: The overall objective of this clinical study was to validate an implantable oxygen sensor, called the 'OxyChip', as a clinically feasible technology that would allow individualized tumor-oxygen assessments in cancer patients prior to and during hypoxia-modification interventions such as hyperoxygen breathing.

Methods: Patients with any solid tumor at ≤3-cm depth from the skin-surface scheduled to undergo surgical resection (with or without neoadjuvant therapy) were considered eligible for the study. The OxyChip was implanted in the tumor and subsequently removed during standard-of-care surgery.

Fat-enlarged axillary lymph nodes are associated with node-positive breast cancer in obese patients.

Purpose: Obesity associated fat infiltration of organ systems is accompanied by organ dysfunction and poor cancer outcomes. Obese women demonstrate variable degrees of fat infiltration of axillary lymph nodes (LNs), and they are at increased risk for node-positive breast cancer. However, the relationship between enlarged axillary nodes and axillary metastases has not been investigated.

Comparative Access to and Use of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Screening by Women's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status.

Importance: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has reduced recall and increased cancer detection compared with digital mammography (DM), depending on women's age and breast density. Whether DBT screening access and use are equitable across groups of women based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics is uncertain.

Objective: To determine women's access to and use of DBT screening based on race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and income.

OxyChip Implantation and Subsequent Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oximetry in Human Tumors Is Safe and Feasible: First Experience in 24 Patients.

Tumor hypoxia confers both a poor prognosis and increased resistance to oncologic therapies, and therefore, hypoxia modification with reliable oxygen profiling during anticancer treatment is desirable. The OxyChip is an implantable oxygen sensor that can detect tumor oxygen levels using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. We report initial safety and feasibility outcomes after OxyChip implantation in a first-in-humans clinical trial (NCT02706197, www.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Stage I Breast Cancer: Initial Workup and Surveillance for Local Recurrence and Distant Metastases in Asymptomatic Women.

As the proportion of women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer increases, the role of imaging for staging and surveillance purposes is considered. National and international guidelines discourage the use of staging imaging for asymptomatic patients newly diagnosed with stage 0 to II breast cancer, even if there is nodal involvement, as unnecessary imaging can delay care and affect outcomes. In asymptomatic patients with a history of stage I breast cancer that received treatment for curative intent, there is no role for imaging to screen for distant recurrences.

Screening vs staging magnetic resonance imaging-guided core needle breast biopsies: Does MRI indication impact upgrade rate?

Adjunct magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for both screening high-risk patients and staging for patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer leads to an increased number of biopsies and increased detection of atypical lesions. We assessed whether the malignancy upgrade frequency for high-risk atypia identified via MRI-guided biopsies varied based on indication: high-risk screening vs staging for malignancy. Among 399 MRI-guided biopsies, 46 (11.

Papillary and sclerosing lesions of the breast detected and biopsied by MRI: Clinical management, upgrade rate, and association with apocrine metaplasia.

Benign papillary and sclerosing lesions of the breast (intraductal papillomas, complex sclerosing lesions, radial scars) are considered high-risk lesions due to the potential for upgrade to carcinoma on subsequent surgical excision. Optimal clinical management of such lesions remains unclear due to variable reported upgrade rates. Apocrine metaplasia is a common finding in breast tissue and its role in MRI enhancing lesions is increasingly being recognized.