The Potential Role of Aerosolized Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor Enoximone in the Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hypoxemia: A Case Report.

Despite the various parenchymal presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, the involvement of the vascular component, the reduction of perfusion in noninjured part of the lung and secondary right to left shunt play an important role in the genesis of the respiratory insufficiency. We present the case of a 72-year-old woman admitted to Livorno Hospital for severe respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 infection unresponsive to noninvasive in whom administration of nebulized phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor enoximone was able to improve oxygenation avoiding tracheal intubation. Intravenous infusions of phosphodiesterase inhibitors are commonly used as pulmonary vasodilators in the management of pulmonary hypertension.

Characterization of immunologic and virological parameters in HIV-infected patients with primary effusion lymphoma during antiblastic therapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) represents a peculiar lymphoma infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and occurs predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunologic and virological parameters, including HHV-8 viremia, of 5 HIV-infected patients with PEL whose disease was diagnosed and treated at our institute.

Methods: Five patients were enrolled in the study.

Pharmacokinetic interaction between chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and protease inhibitors in HIV-1-infected patients.

Objectives: We have investigated whether chemotherapy for HIV-related systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) affects the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, non-randomized, two-way crossover trial in HIV-1-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy for NHL. Seven patients received indinavir at a dosage of 800 mg three times daily and three patients received nelfinavir at a dosage of 750 mg three times daily.

Treatment of head and neck cancer in elderly patients: state of the art and guidelines.

Although the majority of head and neck cancers occur between the fifth and sixth decade, their onset in patients older than 60 years is not a rare event. A peculiar characteristic of almost all case series is the lower prevalence of radical treatments among elderly as compared to younger patients, in particular surgery and combined treatment of surgery plus radiation therapy or chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiotherapy is a feasible treatment in elderly patients, also in very advanced age groups and, in the era of organ preservation, chemotherapy combined with RT has a paramount importance.

Virological efficacy in HIV-infected patients affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma, treated with antiblastic chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy.

This study evaluated replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the genotypic resistance pattern in 26 HIV-infected patients affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma who were treated with at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy (CT; rituximab and CDE) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Genotyping was performed at baseline and when virological failure occurred. Six patients met the virological failure criteria.

Outcome in patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma and with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 100 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; HIV-NHL) treated in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era with those of 82 HIV-negative patients with aggressive NHL. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 37% among patients with HIV-NHL and 74% among HIV-negative patients with NHL (P<.0001).

Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the presenting features and outcome of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma.

Background: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on clinical characteristics of presentation and the natural history of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in patients already receiving HAART at the time of KS diagnosis.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing epidemiologic, clinical, and outcome data for 160 patients who were naive to HAART at the time of KS diagnosis (KS-naive) with the corresponding data for 51 patients already receiving HAART at the time of KS diagnosis (KS-HAART). The analysis included all patients with a diagnosis of KS since January 1996 within two Italian cohorts of patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Clinical features and outcome of primary effusion lymphoma in HIV-infected patients: a single-institution study.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and outcome of HIV-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and to compare them with those of the other HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs).

Patients And Methods: From April 1987 to June 2002, 277 patients with HIV infection and systemic NHL were diagnosed and treated in our institution. Clinical features and outcome of PEL patients were compared with the features and outcomes of 162 patients belonging to the following histologic subtypes: plasmoblastic lymphoma of oral cavity (PBLOC, n = 11), immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL, n = 76), and centroblastic B-cell lymphoma (CBCL, n = 75).

Therapeutic approaches to AIDS-related malignancies.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed dramatically the landscape of HIV disease. Deaths from AIDS-related diseases have been reduced by 75% since protease inhibitor therapy and combination antiretroviral therapy came into use in late 1995. While KS is declining, the situation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more complex with a reduced incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma, but a relatively stability in the number of patients developing systemic NHL.

Impact of concomitant antiblastic chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia and genotyping in HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

We evaluated the replication and resistance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains recovered from HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who were receiving chemotherapy (CT) concomitant with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We analyzed virological response to HAART in 35 patients with HIV and NHL who were treated with a cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone chemotherapy regimen and HAART and the virological response in 26 HIV-infected patients with CD20 cell-positive NHL who were treated with rituximab and cyclophosphamide-doxorubin-etoposide therapy. Genotype and virtual phenotype analyses were performed at baseline and when virological failure occurred.