Frailty in chronic heart failure: a multidimensional assessment of older patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation.

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is often associated with cognitive, psychological, and functional disorders. In addition, since patients suffering from this condition are often older adults, the presence of frailty could worsen the clinical situation.

Methods: The present multicentric observational study aimed to investigate, through a multidimensional evaluation, the associations between clinical, functional, cognitive, psychological, and frailty variables of older (age ≥65) CHF inpatients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation and to identify the eventual independent predictors of the frailty status.