Predicting effects of hydrologic alteration and climate change on ecosystem metabolism in a western U.S. river.

We estimated past and future hydrographs and patterns of ecosystem metabolism in a fifth-order river of the western United States, where water use and climate change are both expected to alter hydrology in the immediate future. We first reconstructed the unregulated hydrograph to estimate how the current hydrograph has been altered. Due to consumptive use, 95% as irrigation, current discharge during summer (July-September) was 70% lower than would occur if the river was unregulated.

Modelling competition and hybridization between native cutthroat trout and nonnative rainbow and hybrid trout.

Native salmonid fish have been displaced worldwide by nonnatives through hybridization, competition, and predation, but the dynamics of these factors are poorly understood. We apply stochastic Lotka-Volterra models to the displacement of cutthroat trout by rainbow/hybrid trout in the Snake River, Idaho, USA. Cutthroat trout are susceptible to hybridization in the river but are reproductively isolated in tributaries via removal of migratory rainbow/hybrid spawners at weirs.

Three patients with both Hodgkin's lymphoma and Castleman's disease: Clinicopathologic correlations and lack of association with HHV-8.

Background: The relationship between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and plasma cell-type Castleman's disease (PCD) has been well documented. There have been over 20 cases reported in the literature and nearly all of them were either diagnosed concurrently, or were initially diagnosed as PCD and upon review were found to have interfollicular HL. Human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) is present in about 40% of cases with PCD.

The detection and diagnosis of hemoglobin A2' by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Hemoglobin (Hb) A2' is a hematologically silent variant of HbA2 that is detected easily by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), where it elutes in the S window. Our purposes were to define diagnostic criteria for the HbA2' trait using the Variant II (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and to determine the prevalence of HbA2' in a metropolitan patient population. All Hb screens (N = 5,862) performed during a 26-month period were reviewed for new hemoglobinopathies.