The Complete Genome Sequence of Splendidofilaria pectoralis (Onchocercidae, Rhabditida, Chromadorea, Nematoda).

We present the complete genome sequence of Splendidofilaria pectoralis, a nematode parasite of grouse (Aves: Galliformes: Tetraonini). Illumina paired-end reads were assembled by a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data are publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR28509439) and assembled genome (JBFSWT000000000).

Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.

Background: Evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of dementia and related cognitive outcomes. A major source of air pollution is automotive traffic, which is modifiable by technological and regulatory interventions.

Objectives: We examined associations of four traffic-related air pollutants with rates of cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults.

Pamidronate for Hypercalcemia in Critically Ill Surgical Patients.

Introduction: Hypercalcemia in critically ill patients is associated with an increased severity of illness and mortality that becomes worse as the levels rise. Pamidronate was evaluated for the treatment of hypercalcemia in critically ill surgical patients.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 30 critically ill surgical patients who developed hypercalcemia (ionized calcium (iCa)≥1.

Phenological variation in biotic interactions shapes population dynamics and distribution in a range-shifting insect herbivore.

Phenological responses to climate change vary across trophic levels. However, how trophic phenological synchrony determines species' distributions through its effects on population dynamics has rarely been addressed. Here, we show that phenological variation underlies population and geographical range dynamics in a range-shifting herbivore, and demonstrate its interplay with changing trophic interactions.

Co-expression gene module analysis in response to attenuated cercaria vaccine reveals a critical role for NK cells in protection against Schistosoma mansoni.

Background: Despite decades of research, an effective schistosomiasis vaccine remains elusive. The radiation-attenuated (RA) cercarial vaccine remains the best model for eliciting high levels of protection. We have recently explored this model in mice to identify potentially protective pathways by examining gene expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

The influence of anxiety on exploration: A review of computational modeling studies.

Exploratory behaviors can serve an adaptive role within novel or changing environments. Namely, they facilitate information gain, allowing an organism to maintain accurate beliefs about the environment and select actions that better maximize reward. However, finding the optimal balance between exploration and reward-seeking behavior - the so-called explore-exploit dilemma - can be challenging, as it requires sensitivity to one's own uncertainty and to the predictability of one's surroundings.

Individual differences in information demand have a low dimensional structure predicted by some curiosity traits.

To understand human learning and progress, it is crucial to understand curiosity. But how consistent is curiosity's conception and assessment across scientific research disciplines? We present the results of a large collaborative project assessing the correspondence between curiosity measures in personality psychology and cognitive science. A total of 820 participants completed 15 personality trait measures and 9 cognitive tasks that tested multiple aspects of information demand.

Prospective associations of interleukin-6 and allele with cognitive decline in biracial community-dwelling older adults: The Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP).

Introduction: It is unclear whether inflammation, that is, high interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and genetic risk, that is, apolipoprotein E () ε4 allele, have a compounding effect on cognitive decline (CD).

Methods: We analyzed a subset of participants from the longitudinal cohort study, Chicago Health and Aging Project, comprising 1120 biracial community-dwelling older adults (60% Black and 62% women), and mean follow-up = 6.4 years.

Analysis of invasive group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis in Calgary, Alberta: clinical consequences and policy implications.

We analyzed invasive group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis cases in a large health zone in Alberta, Canada between 2013 and 2022. Of the 21 cases, 85.7% were adjudicated as hospital/delivery-acquired, with 2 clusters having identical isolates found through whole genome sequencing.

Interoceptive Accuracy Enhances Deception Detection in Older Adults.

Objectives: Difficulties with deception detection may leave older adults especially vulnerable to fraud. Interoception, that is, the awareness of one's bodily signals, has been shown to influence deception detection, but this relationship has not been examined in aging yet. The present study investigated effects of interoceptive accuracy on 2 forms of deception detection: detecting interpersonal lies in videos and identifying text-based deception in phishing emails.

Culture and amplification-free nanopore sequencing for rapid detection of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes from urine.

Purpose: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent infections globally. Every year, approximately 150 million people are diagnosed with UTIs worldwide. The current state-of-the-art diagnostic methods are culture-based and have a turnaround time of 2-4 days for pathogen identification and susceptibility testing.

MutaT7: A Single Chimera for the Targeted, Balanced, Efficient, and Processive Installation of All Possible Transition Mutations .

Deaminase-T7 RNA polymerase fusion (MutaT7) proteins are a growing class of synthetic biology tools used to diversify target genes during laboratory evolution. To date, MutaT7 chimeras comprise either a deoxyadenosine or deoxycytidine deaminase fused to a T7 RNA polymerase. Their expression drives targeted deoxyadenosine-to-deoxyguanosine or deoxycytidine-to-deoxythymidine mutagenesis, respectively.

Phishing vulnerability compounded by older age, apolipoprotein E e4 genotype, and lower cognition.

With technological advancements, financial exploitation tactics have expanded into the online realm. Older adults may be particularly susceptible to online scams due to age- and Alzheimer's disease-related changes in cognition. In this study, 182 adults ranging from 18 to 90 years underwent cognitive assessment, genotyping for apolipoprotein E e4 (APOE4), and completed the lab-based Short Phishing Email Suspicion Test (S-PEST) as well as the real-life PHishing Internet Task (PHIT).

Cellular Senescence and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Obesity-A Narrative Review.

This narrative review explores the pathophysiology of obesity, cellular senescence, and exosome release. When exposed to excessive nutrients, adipocytes develop mitochondrial dysfunction and generate reactive oxygen species with DNA damage. This triggers adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia, inhibition of adiponectin secretion and adipogenesis, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and maladaptive unfolded protein response, metaflammation, and polarization of macrophages.

Molecular Pharmacology of Vitamin C and Relevance to Health and Obesity-A Narrative Review.

The role of food constituents as pharmacological agents is an important consideration in health and obesity. Vitamin C acts as a small molecule antioxidant but is also a co-factor for numerous transition metal-dependent enzymes involved in healthy weight and energy metabolism. Vitamin C cannot be manufactured by humans and is mainly obtained from the dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetables.

ADOPTERs of Innovation in a Crisis: The History of Vera Gedroits, Kanehiro Takaki and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War was the first "modern" conflict, using rapid-firing artillery and machine guns, fought over imperial ambitions in Korea and Manchuria. During the war, Princess Vera Gedroits pioneered early laparotomy for penetrating abdominal wounds with unprecedented success. Her techniques were then adopted by the Russian Society of Military Doctors.

Computational identification of disease models through cross-species phenotype comparison.

The use of standardised phenotyping screens to identify abnormal phenotypes in mouse knockouts, together with the use of ontologies to describe such phenotypic features, allows the implementation of an automated and unbiased pipeline to identify new models of disease by performing phenotype comparisons across species. Using data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), approximately half of mouse mutants are able to mimic, at least partially, the human ortholog disease phenotypes as computed by the PhenoDigm algorithm. We found the number of phenotypic abnormalities in the mouse and the corresponding Mendelian disorder, the pleiotropy and severity of the disease, and the viability and zygosity status of the mouse knockout to be associated with the ability of mouse models to recapitulate the human disorder.

Longer time horizons are associated with reduced risk of mortality and disability in older adults.

Objectives: Longer time horizons are associated with positive health behaviors, but the associations of time horizons with disability and mortality are less understood. This study aims to test the hypothesis that longer time horizons are associated with decreased disability and mortality in older adults.

Method: Participants were 1052 older adults (mean age = 81 ± 7 years) without dementia.