An early HMGB1 rise 12 hours before creatinine predicts acute kidney injury and multiple organ failure in a smoke inhalation and burn swine model.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are leading causes of mortality in trauma injuries. Early diagnosis of AKI and MOF is vital to improve outcomes, but current diagnostic criteria rely on laboratory markers that are delayed or unreliable. In this study, we investigated whether damage associated molecular patterns such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), syndecan-1 (SDC-1) and C3a correlate with the development of trauma-induced AKI and MOF.

Delayed management of acute type A aortic dissection with concomitant coronary artery bypass graft.

Background: Pre-operative coronary angiography and concomitant, planned coronary artery bypass are infrequently performed with type A aortic dissection repair. We present a case in which pre-operative coronary computed tomography angiography was appropriate, and subsequent dissection repair and concomitant coronary artery bypass were successfully performed.

Case Presentation: The patient is a 58-year-old male with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, renal insufficiency, hypertension, obesity, and smoking history, who presented with a three-to-four-day history of persistent back pain, worsening exertional dyspnea, and orthopnea, as well as a two-to-three month history of dyspnea, lower extremity edema, and intermittent angina.

Circulatory HMGB1 is an early predictive and prognostic biomarker of ARDS and mortality in a swine model of polytrauma.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in polytrauma patients. Pharmacological treatments of ARDS are lacking, and ARDS patients rely on supportive care. Accurate diagnosis of ARDS is vital for early intervention and improved outcomes but is presently delayed up to days.

Computerization, Obsolescence and the Length of Working Life.

This paper analyzes how computerization affected the labor market outcomes of older workers between 1984 and 2017. Using the computerization supplements of the Current Population Survey (CPS) we show that different occupations were computerized at different times, older workers tended to start using computers with a delay compared to younger workers, but computer use within occupations converged to the same levels across age groups eventually. That is, there was a temporary knowledge gap between younger and older workers in most occupations.

Optical Modeling of Single Asian Dust and Marine Air Particles: A Comparison with Geometric Particle Shapes for Remote Sensing.

We compare the optical properties of various geometric shapes with single atmospheric Asian dust and marine background air particles collected at Mauna Loa Observatory. Three-dimensional representations of the particles were acquired with focused ion-beam (FIB) tomography, which involves FIB milling of individual particles followed by imaging and elemental mapping with scanning electron microscopy. Particles were heterogeneous with mainly dolomite or calcite and a minor amount of iron; marine air particles contained gypsum but no iron.

Prehospital End-Tidal CO: A Superior Marker for Mortality Risk in the Acutely Injured Patient.

Background: Emergency medical personnel must expeditiously triage acutely injured patients to the appropriate medical facility. Efficient and objective variables to facilitate this process and provide information to the receiving trauma center are needed. Currently, multiple variables are used to prognosticate injury severity and risk of mortality including vital signs, mental status, lactate, and base excess.

Perspectives and perceived barriers to pharmacist-prescribed tobacco cessation services in the community pharmacy setting.

Objective(s): Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Community pharmacists are in an advantageous position to increase patient accessibility to tobacco cessation medications and counseling. Pharmacists are permitted to prescribe or furnish tobacco cessation medications in 13 states with varying requirements and limitations.

What are the later life contributions to reserve, resilience, and compensation?

Many studies have shown that early-life experiences can contribute to later life cognitive reserve and resilience. However, there is evidence to suggest that later life experiences and lifestyle choices can also play a vital role in the brain's ability to respond to and compensate for neural insults associated with aging. Engaging in a diversity of behaviorally, socially, and cognitively rich activities may forge new neural pathways that can perhaps provide greater flexibility in confronting the challenges associated with accumulating brain pathology.

Alternative Retirement Paths and Cognitive Performance: Exploring the Role of Preretirement Job Complexity.

Background And Objectives: Recent research suggests that working longer may be protective of cognitive functioning in later life, especially for workers in low complexity jobs. As postretirement work becomes increasingly popular, it is important to understand how various retirement pathways influence cognitive function. The present study examines cognitive changes as a function of job complexity in the context of different types of retirement transitions.

Analysis and Optical Modeling of Individual Heterogeneous Asian Dust Particles Collected at Mauna Loa Observatory.

We have determined optical properties of heterogeneous particles from aerosol samples collected at Hawaii's Mauna Loa Observatory. Back trajectories, satellite imagery, and composition differences among particles from scanning electron microscopy revealed a subset of particles with dolomite or calcite that likely came from Asia. Using focused ion-beam tomography and the discrete dipole approximation, we show how small amounts of an iron phase (oxide or carbonate), or in one case soot, affected extinction and scattering compared with particles of neat dolomite or calcite.

Pharmacy Competencies for Interprofessional Integrative Health Care Education.

To address the gap in evidence-based knowledge among pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists regarding complementary and integrative health approaches due to insufficient education and a lack of standardized training. The National Center for Integrative Primary Healthcare (NCIPH) developed 22 pharmacy competencies linked to a set of 10 interprofessional "metacompetencies" in integrative health care. The NCIPH pharmacy competencies are well-aligned with the current educational standards and Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) outcomes for pharmacy programs.

Evaluating patient satisfaction with pharmacist-administered long-acting injectable antipsychotics in the community pharmacy.

Objective: To evaluate patient satisfaction with pharmacist-administered long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) in the community pharmacy.

Design: Prospective survey.

Setting: Albertsons Companies community pharmacies during December 2016 to February 2017.

A Comparison of Subjective and Objective Job Demands and Fit with Personal Resources as Predictors of Retirement Timing in a National U.S. Sample.

Population aging and attendant pressures on public budgets have spurred considerable interest in understanding factors that influence retirement timing. A range of sociodemographic and economic characteristics predict both earlier and later retirement. Less is known about the role of job characteristics on the work choices of older workers.

Curriculum renewal: Alignment of introductory pharmacy practice experiences with didactic course content.

Background And Purpose: The University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) used the opportunity of curriculum renewal to integrate knowledge and skills learned from didactic courses into the introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) occurring simultaneously. This paper describes and evaluates the meaningful application of course content into IPPEs, and evaluates the success using qualitative feedback.

Educational Activity And Setting: Students entering the renewed curriculum starting in fall 2012 were provided a list of pharmacy skills and activities from didactic course directors that reinforced course content for that semester.

Chemical composition and source apportionment of size fractionated particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

The Cleveland airshed comprises a complex mixture of industrial source emissions that contribute to periods of non-attainment for fine particulate matter (PM) and are associated with increased adverse health outcomes in the exposed population. Specific PM sources responsible for health effects however are not fully understood. Size-fractionated PM (coarse, fine, and ultrafine) samples were collected using a ChemVol sampler at an urban site (G.

Performance of Passive Samplers Analyzed by Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy to Measure PM10-2.5.

We report on the precision and accuracy of measuring PM10-2.5 and its components with particles collected by passive aerosol samplers and analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Passive samplers were deployed for week-long intervals in triplicate and colocated with a federal reference method sampler at three sites and for 5 weeks in summer 2009 and 5 weeks in winter 2010 in Cleveland, OH.

Discovery of Tetrahydropyrazolopyridine as Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 3 (S1P3)-Sparing S1P1 Agonists Active at Low Oral Doses.

FTY720 is the first oral small molecule approved for the treatment of people suffering from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It is a potent agonist of the S1P1 receptor, but its lack of selectivity against the S1P3 receptor has been linked to most of the cardiovascular side effects observed in the clinic. These findings have triggered intensive efforts toward the identification of a second generation of S1P3-sparing S1P1 agonists.

Characterization of silver nanoparticles in selected consumer products and its relevance for predicting children's potential exposures.

Due to their antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in consumer products intended for use by children or in the home. Children may be especially affected by the normal use of consumer products because of their physiological functions, developmental stage, and activities and behaviors. Despite much research to date, children's potential exposures to AgNPs are not well characterized.

Chemical characterization of outdoor and subway fine (PM(2.5-1.0)) and coarse (PM(10-2.5)) particulate matter in Seoul (Korea) by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM).

Outdoor and indoor (subway) samples were collected by passive sampling in urban Seoul (Korea) and analyzed with computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX). Soil/road dust particles accounted for 42%-60% (by weight) of fine particulate matter larger than 1 µm (PM(2.5-1.

Is it all worth it? The experiences of new PhDs on the job market, 2007-10.

This paper describes the job market experiences of new PhD economists, 2007-10. Using information from PhD programs' job candidate websites and original surveys, the authors present information about job candidates' characteristics, preferences and expectations; how job candidates fared at each stage of the market; and predictors of outcomes at each stage. Some information presented in this paper updates findings of prior studies.

Inhaled diesel emissions generated with cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additive induce adverse pulmonary and systemic effects.

Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we evaluated whether DECe results in greater adverse pulmonary effects compared with DE.

Near-road modeling and measurement of cerium-containing particles generated by nanoparticle diesel fuel additive use.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCe) are used as a fuel-borne catalyst in diesel engines to reduce particulate emissions, yet the environmental and human health impacts of the exhaust particles are not well understood. To bridge the gap between emission measurements and ambient impacts, size-resolved measurements of particle composition and mass concentration have been performed in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, where buses have used an nCe additive since 2005. These observations show that the noncrustal cerium fraction thought to be associated with the use of nCe has a mass concentration ∼ 0.

Estimating Second Order Probability Beliefs from Subjective Survival Data.

Based on subjective survival probability questions in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we use an econometric model to estimate the determinants of individual-level uncertainty about personal longevity. This model is built around the modal response hypothesis (MRH), a mathematical expression of the idea that survey responses of 0%, 50%, or 100% to probability questions indicate a high level of uncertainty about the relevant probability. We show that subjective survival expectations in 2002 line up very well with realized mortality of the HRS respondents between 2002 and 2010.

Release of silver from nanotechnology-based consumer products for children.

We assessed the potential for children's exposure to bioavailable silver during the realistic use of selected nanotechnology-based consumer products (plush toy, fabric products, breast milk storage bags, sippy cups, cleaning products, humidifiers, and humidifier accessory). We measured the release of ionic and particulate silver from products into water, orange juice, milk formula, synthetic saliva, sweat, and urine (1:50 product to liquid mass ratio); into air; and onto dermal wipes. Of the liquid media, sweat and urine yielded the highest amount of silver release, up to 38% of the silver mass in products; tap water yielded the lowest amount, ≤1.