Sheath-Preserving Optic Nerve Transection in Rats to Assess Axon Regeneration and Interventions Targeting the Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon.

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons converge at the optic nerve head to convey visual information from the retina to the brain. Pathologies such as glaucoma, trauma, and ischemic optic neuropathies injure RGC axons, disrupt transmission of visual stimuli, and cause vision loss. Animal models simulating RGC axon injury include optic nerve crush and transection paradigms.

Geometric Perfusion Deficits: A Novel OCT Angiography Biomarker for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Oxygen Diffusion.

Purpose: To develop geometric perfusion deficits (GPD), an optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarker based on oxygen diffusion, and to evaluate its utility in a pilot study of healthy subjects and patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Commercial spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) instruments were used to acquire repeated 3 × 3-mm and 6 × 6-mm motion-corrected macular OCTA volumes.

AIBP protects retinal ganglion cells against neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide in individuals 60 years of age and older. Despite its high prevalence, the factors contributing to glaucoma progression are currently not well characterized. Glia-driven neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Iridocorneal Angle Assessment After Laser Iridotomy With Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Aim: To investigate the reliability of anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements in narrow angles and assess the effect of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on these measurements using novel swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) technology.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with gonioscopically narrow angles were enrolled and scheduled for prophylactic LPI. Twelve ACA sections were obtained in each eye using SS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) before and after Nd:YAG LPI.

Impact of Pupil Dilation on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Retinal Microvasculature in Healthy Eyes.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: Small but significant decreases in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-measured circumpapillary capillary density (cpCD) were observed in healthy eyes dilated with 2.5% phenylephrine/0.5% tropicamide.

Intraocular Pressure Measurement in Patients Wearing Filtering Facepiece Masks.

Ophthalmological examination requires a strict contact between caregivers and patients. In the COVID-19 era, this may be a risk factor for virus spread, and the use of facial masks for all in-office ophthalmological procedures has been recommended. In this case-series, we report about some errors in intraocular pressure measurement, that may occur during the slit-lamp examination of patients wearing filtering facepiece masks and N95 respirators.

Effects of Study Population, Labeling and Training on Glaucoma Detection Using Deep Learning Algorithms.

Purpose: To compare performance of independently developed deep learning algorithms for detecting glaucoma from fundus photographs and to evaluate strategies for incorporating new data into models.

Methods: Two fundus photograph datasets from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study/African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study and Matsue Red Cross Hospital were used to independently develop deep learning algorithms for detection of glaucoma at the University of California, San Diego, and the University of Tokyo. We compared three versions of the University of California, San Diego, and University of Tokyo models: original (no retraining), sequential (retraining only on new data), and combined (training on combined data).

Rapid and Accurate Pressure Sensing Device for Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure.

Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Current devices measure IOP via the dynamic response of the healthy cornea and do not provide the accurate IOP measurements for patients with altered corneal biomechanics. We seek to develop and test an accurate needle-based IOP measurement device that is not cornea dependent.

Comparison of Peripapillary Capillary Density in Glaucoma Patients of African and European Descent.

Purpose: To evaluate racial differences in optic nerve head peripapillary capillary density measured by OCT angiography (OCTA) in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Participants: Two hundred eighty-four eyes of 195 glaucoma patients and 108 eyes of 58 healthy participants from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study.

Short-Term and Long-Term Variability of Intraocular Pressure Measured with an Intraocular Telemetry Sensor in Patients with Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term and long-term variability of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Design: Prospective study.

Participants: Twenty-two patients previously implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (EyeMate, Implandata GmbH, Germany).

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subconjunctival Injection to Direct Scleral Application of Mitomycin C in Trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intraoperative scleral application with subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C (MMC) in trabeculectomy.

Design: Prospective, randomized, interventional study.

Methods: This study took place in a single clinical practice in an academic setting.

Association between Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning after Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Procedures and Disc Hemorrhage.

Purpose: To compare the rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning after intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering procedures in eyes with or without disc hemorrhage (DH) history.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Methods: A total of 166 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes and glaucoma suspect eyes (37 eyes with DH history (DH group) and 129 eyes without DH (non-DH group)) were included from the African Decent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) and the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS).

MicroRNA-19a-PTEN Axis Is Involved in the Developmental Decline of Axon Regenerative Capacity in Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Irreversible blindness from glaucoma and optic neuropathies is attributed to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) losing the ability to regenerate axons. While several transcription factors and proteins have demonstrated enhancement of axon regeneration after optic nerve injury, mechanisms contributing to the age-related decline in axon regenerative capacity remain elusive. In this study, we show that microRNAs are differentially expressed during RGC development and identify microRNA-19a (miR-19a) as a heterochronic marker; developmental decline of miR-19a relieves suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a key regulator of axon regeneration, and serves as a temporal indicator of decreasing axon regenerative capacity.

Capillary Density Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucomatous Optic Disc Phenotypes.

Purpose: To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-measured capillary density of the optic disc among 4 glaucomatous optic disc phenotypes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Circumpapillary capillary density (cpCD) of 4 glaucomatous optic disc phenotypes in 193 eyes of 141 glaucoma patients and cpCD in 92 eyes of 55 healthy subjects from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) were compared.

Phase 3, Randomized, 20-Month Study of Bimatoprost Implant in Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (ARTEMIS 1).

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of 10- and 15-μg bimatoprost implant in subjects with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) after initial and repeated administrations.

Design: Randomized, 20-month, multicenter, subject- and efficacy evaluator-masked, parallel-group, phase 3 clinical study.

Participants: Adults with OAG or OHT in each eye, open iridocorneal angle inferiorly in the study eye, and study eye baseline IOP (hour 0; 8 am) of 22-32 mmHg after washout.

Weekly and seasonal changes of intraocular pressure measured with an implanted intraocular telemetry sensor.

Background/aims: To better understand seasonal and weekday intraocular pressure (IOP) variations, long-term daily IOP measurements were assessed in patients with glaucoma using an intraocular telemetric sensor.

Methods: This prospective, open-label, multicentre observational study analysed the IOP variation patterns in 22 eyes of 22 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (67.8±6.

Finite element analysis of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference on optic nerve head biomechanics: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure Study.

The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) induced by a reduced cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) or an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). A finite element model of optic nerve head tissue (pre- and post-laminar neural tissue, lamina cribrosa, sclera, and pia mater) was constructed. Computed stresses, deformations, and strains were compared at each TLCPD step caused by reduced CSFP or elevated IOP.

Segmental differences found in aqueous angiographic-determined high - and low-flow regions of human trabecular meshwork.

This work sought to compare aqueous angiographic segmental patterns with bead-based methods which directly visualize segmental trabecular meshwork (TM) tracer trapping. Additionally, segmental protein expression differences between aqueous angiographic-derived low- and high-outflow human TM regions were evaluated. Post-mortem human eyes (One Legacy and San Diego eye banks; n = 15) were perfused with fluorescent tracers (fluorescein [2.

Smart Electronic Eyedrop Bottle for Unobtrusive Monitoring of Glaucoma Medication Adherence.

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, affects >70 million people worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure via topical administration of eye drops is the most common first-line therapy for glaucoma. This treatment paradigm has notoriously high non-adherence rates: ranging from 30% to 80%.

Glaucomatous vertical vessel density asymmetry of the temporal raphe detected with optical coherence tomography angiography.

Changes in retinal vasculature and ocular circulation may play an important role in the glaucoma development and progression. We evaluated the vertical asymmetry across the temporal raphe of the deep retinal layer vessel density, using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), and its relationship with the central visual field (VF) loss. Thirty-four eyes of 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma were included.

Loss of AKAP1 triggers Drp1 dephosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial fission and loss in retinal ganglion cells.

Impairment of mitochondrial structure and function is strongly linked to glaucoma pathogenesis. Despite the widely appreciated disease relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction and loss, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fragmentation and metabolic stress in glaucoma are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) show loss of A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1), activation of calcineurin (CaN) and reduction of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at serine 637 (Ser637).

Dynamic Scheimpflug Ocular Biomechanical Parameters in Untreated Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Eyes.

Purpose: To characterize the corneal biomechanical properties of glaucoma eyes by comparing the dynamic Scheimpflug biomechanical parameters between untreated glaucoma and control eyes.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational data of dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST) examinations were retrospectively collected from 35 eyes of 35 consecutive patients with untreated normal tension glaucoma and 35 eyes of 35 healthy patients matched on age and IOP. Ten biomechanical parameters were compared between the two groups using multivariable models adjusting for IOP, central corneal thickness, age, and axial length.

Disc Hemorrhages Are Associated With the Presence and Progression of Glaucomatous Central Visual Field Defects.

Precis: In this prospective cohort study, disc hemorrhages were associated with more severe central damage on 24-2 and 10-2 visual fields (VFs), and faster progression globally on 24-2 VFs and centrally on 10-2 VFs.

Purpose: To study the relationship between disc hemorrhage (DH) and the presence and progression of glaucomatous central VF damage.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed on data from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) cohort.