Evaluating glaucoma in myopic eyes: Challenges and opportunities.

The increasing global prevalence of myopia presents a significant public health concern, and growing evidence has demonstrated that myopia is a major risk factor for the development of open-angle glaucoma. Therefore, timely detection and management of glaucoma in myopic patients are crucial; however, identifying the structural alterations of glaucoma in the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal tissues of myopic eyes using standard diagnostic tools such as fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) presents challenges. Additionally, myopia-related perimetric defects can be confounded with glaucoma-related defects.

Association Between Alcohol Use and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: In a diverse database (All of Us), we report significant dose-response associations between alcohol use frequency and glaucoma, with alcohol use of 4 or more drinks per week associated with significantly increased odds of glaucoma.

Purpose: Current evidence on the association between alcohol use and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is mixed. We utilize the diverse All of Us Research Program to further examine this relationship.

Number of macula optical coherence tomography scans needed to detect glaucoma progression.

Background: To evaluate the impact of testing frequency on the time required to detect statistically significant glaucoma progression for ganglion cell complex (GCC) with optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Materials And Methods: From multicentre glaucoma registries, 332 eyes of 201 glaucoma patients were enrolled over an average of 4.4 years.

Bio-Interventional Cyclodialysis and Allograft Scleral Reinforcement for Uveoscleral Outflow Enhancement in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: One-Year Clinical Outcomes.

Background: To evaluate the one-year safety and effectiveness of bio-interventional cyclodialysis and scleral reinforcement in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods: An ab-interno approach was used to create a sectoral cyclodialysis in OAG patients who were prospectively followed in a consecutive case series. Subsequent visco-cycloplasty with scleral reinforcement using homologous minimally modified allograft scaffold was completed to maintain patency of the cyclodialysis reservoir and increase uveoscleral outflow.

Evaluating a Foundation Artificial Intelligence Model for Glaucoma Detection Using Color Fundus Photographs.

Purpose: To evaluate RETFound, a foundation artificial intelligence model, using a diverse clinical research dataset to assess its accuracy in detecting glaucoma using optic disc photographs. The model's accuracy for glaucoma detection was evaluated across race, age, glaucoma severity, and various training cycles (epochs) and dataset sample sizes.

Design: Evaluation of a diagnostic technology.

Optical Microangiography and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma.

Precis: Younger patient age (coefficient: 0.10, P=0.04) and greater peak IOP during follow-up (coefficient: -0.

The Benefit of Nocturnal IOP Reduction in Glaucoma, Including Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) profiling has shown that the peak IOP usually occurs at night, particularly in patients with glaucoma. Multiple studies have demonstrated that these nocturnal IOP elevations drive glaucomatous progression, often despite stable daytime IOP. Existing vascular dysregulation and decreased nighttime blood pressure compound the damage via low ocular perfusion pressure while elevated nocturnal IOP disrupts axonal transport.

Nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents measured with an intraocular telemetry sensor.

Objective: To evaluate nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and their fixed combinations on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma implanted with an ocular telemetry sensor.

Methods: 22 patients who had previously been implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (eyemate) were included in this prospective clinical trial. Three classes of medications were analysed: beta-blockers (BB), fixed combination of BB and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (BB-CAI), and combinations of BB and prostaglandin analogues (BB-PGAs).

Racial Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in eyes of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Design: Comparative diagnostic accuracy analysis by race.

Participants: 379 healthy eyes (125 AD and 254 ED) and 442 glaucomatous eyes (226 AD and 216 ED) from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.

Longitudinal OCTA vessel density loss in macula and optic nerve head in healthy, glaucoma suspect and established glaucoma eyes.

Background/aims: To examine longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) changes in macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy, glaucoma suspect (GS) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.

Methods: Healthy, GS and POAG eyes from Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study with ≥2 years follow-up and four visits of macular/ONH OCTA imaging were included. Rates of macular wiVD (whole-image vessel density) and ONH wiCD (whole-image capillary density) changes were calculated for each diagnosis group using join mixed-effect modelling.

AIBP Protects Müller Glial Cells Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reduces Retinal Neuroinflammation.

Glaucoma, an optic neuropathy with the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have a significant role in triggering glia-driven neuroinflammation and subsequent glaucomatous RGC degeneration in the context of glaucoma. It has previously been shown that apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (APOA1BP or AIBP) has an anti-inflammatory function.

Analysis of ChatGPT Responses to Ophthalmic Cases: Can ChatGPT Think like an Ophthalmologist?

Objective: Large language models such as ChatGPT have demonstrated significant potential in question-answering within ophthalmology, but there is a paucity of literature evaluating its ability to generate clinical assessments and discussions. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the accuracy of assessment and plans generated by ChatGPT and (2) evaluate ophthalmologists' abilities to distinguish between responses generated by clinicians versus ChatGPT.

Design: Cross-sectional mixed-methods study.

Rates of Visual Field Progression Before and After the Onset of Atrial Fibrillation.

Prcis: This case-control study investigated the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the progression of glaucoma. The presence of AF and related microvascular damage was associated with a slightly faster visual field loss in glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on glaucoma progression.

Reference Database for a Novel Binocular Visual Function Perimeter: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To construct a comprehensive reference database (RDB) for a novel binocular automated perimeter.

Design: A four-site prospective randomized clinical trial.

Subjects And Controls: Three hundred fifty-six healthy subjects without ocular conditions that might affect visual function were categorized into 7 age groups.

Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Exposure and Intraocular Pressure Change: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Intraocular Pressure Change.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP).

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: The University of California Health Data Warehouse was queried for patients exposed to GLP-1R agonists or other oral antidiabetics.

Federated Learning in Glaucoma: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives.

Clinical Relevance: Glaucoma is a complex eye condition with varied morphological and clinical presentations, making diagnosis and management challenging. The lack of a consensus definition for glaucoma or glaucomatous optic neuropathy further complicates the development of universal diagnostic tools. Developing robust artificial intelligence (AI) models for glaucoma screening is essential for early detection and treatment but faces significant obstacles.

Suspicious eyes - Elvis's glaucoma battle.

Elvis Presley (1935-1977) is an iconic figure in modern pop culture. Although many of his medical conditions have been the subject of extensive speculation, less is known about his ophthalmological problems, including steroid-induced glaucoma caused by a life-long use of steroids, both prescribed and self-administered, and secondary angle closure glaucoma most likely due to anterior uveitis. Further, he had an episode of acute angle closure glaucoma in 1971 that was treated with a subconjunctival injection of a mydriatic agent or, less likely, a paracentesis combined with an iridotomy.

Screening of Glaucoma: Consensus and Directions.

Purpose: Glaucoma is a leading public health concern globally. This summary discusses barriers to glaucoma screening and novel strategies for a cost-effective glaucoma screening.

Methods/results: We discuss barriers to glaucoma screening and recent advancements in glaucoma detection and care, including targeted screening approach as well as telemedicine, genetic testing, and artificial intelligence (AI).

Gap Analysis of Glaucoma Examination Concept Representations within Standard Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms.

Objective/purpose: Standardization of eye care data is important for clinical interoperability and research. We aimed to address gaps in the representations of glaucoma examination concepts within Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the preferred terminology of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Design: Study of data elements.

Assessment of Missing Data on Glaucoma Severity Among Participants in the NIH All of Us Research Program of the United States.

Prcis: There were statistically significant differences across multiple socioeconomic characteristics and self-reported barriers to care among primary glaucoma patients with severity staging data versus those missing this data in the NIH All of Us database.

Purpose: To characterize missing data among glaucoma patients within All of Us .

Materials And Methods: We used diagnosis codes to define cohorts of primary glaucoma patients with and without severity staging specified.