Monitoring of the nAChRsα6 G275A spinetoram resistance allele in Drosophila melanogaster populations from New York vineyards.

Background: Spinosyns are a group of naturally occurring and semi-synthetic insecticides with widespread utility in agriculture, including organic production systems. One example is spinetoram (Delegate), which is the only registered insecticide in New York State (for control of Drosophila melanogaster in vineyards) to which vinegar flies have not yet evolved high levels of resistance. However, low levels of resistance have been found in vineyard populations of D.

Selection and characterization of spinetoram resistance in field collected Drosophila melanogaster.

Insecticides are commonly employed in vineyards to control vinegar flies and limit sour rot disease. Widespread resistance to available insecticides is having a negative impact on managing Drosophila melanogaster populations, rendering control of sour rot more difficult. An insecticide registered for use in vineyards to which resistance is not yet widespread (at least in New York and Missouri) is spinetoram.

Frequencies and distribution of kdr and Ace alleles that cause insecticide resistance in house flies in the United States.

House flies (Musca domestica L) are nuisances and vectors of pathogens between and among humans and livestock. Population suppression has been accomplished for decades with pyrethroids and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, but recurrent selection has led to increased frequency of alleles conferring resistance to those two classes of active ingredients (Geden et al., 2021).

Selection for, and characterization of, malathion and zeta-cypermethrin resistance in vineyard-collected Drosophila melanogaster.

Background: Drosophila melanogaster is a pest in vineyards because of its role in sour rot disease. Insecticides are commonly used, particularly late in the season, to control D. melanogaster and thus sour rot.

Insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster in vineyards and evaluation of alternative insecticides.

Background: Cultivation of grapes is a major crop globally, particularly in support of the wine production industry which has significant economic impact in numerous countries. Sour rot is an economically important disease of grapes. It is caused by an interaction of yeast + acetic acid bacteria, and vectored by Drosophila spp.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of pyrethroid resistance in the CKR strain of Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti is an important vector of human viral diseases. This mosquito is distributed globally and thrives in urban environments, making it a serious risk to human health. Pyrethroid insecticides have been the mainstay for control of adult A.

CYP-mediated resistance and cross-resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Aedes aegypti in the presence and absence of kdr.

Aedes aegypti thrives in urban environments and transmits several debilitating human viral diseases. Thus, our ability to control this mosquito species in endemic areas is of utmost importance. The use of insecticides, mostly pyrethroids and organophosphates (OPs), has long been the primary means of controlling A.

Janus: prediction and ranking of mutations required for functional interconversion of enzymes.

Identification of residues responsible for functional specificity in enzymes is a challenging and important problem in protein chemistry. Active-site residues are generally easy to identify, but residues outside the active site are also important to catalysis and their identities and roles are more difficult to determine. We report a method based on analysis of multiple sequence alignments, embodied in our program Janus, for predicting mutations required to interconvert structurally related but functionally distinct enzymes.