The effects of electrical stimulation exercise on muscles injected with botulinum toxin type-A (botox).

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a frequently used treatment modality for a variety of neuromuscular disorders. It acts by preventing acetylcholine release at the motor nerve endings, inducing muscle paralysis. Although considered safe, studies suggest that BTX-A injections create adverse effects on target and non-target muscles.