Polish retention of ceramic-polymer CAD/CAM materials.

New ceramic-polymer millable materials that may be less resistant to the abrasive effects of toothbrushing than glass-ceramic materials have been introduced recently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polish retention of ceramic-polymer materials after mechanical toothbrush abrasion. Four ceramic-polymer materials (Enamic, Lava Ultimate, CeraSmart, and Block HC) were compared to a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic material (IPS e.

White matter microstructure, alcohol exposure, and familial risk for alcohol dependence.

Offspring from families with alcohol dependence (AD) have been shown to exhibit brain morphological alterations that appear to be related to their familial/genetic risk for AD. Greater susceptibility for developing AD may be related to structural underpinnings of behavioral traits that predispose to AD. We examined white matter (WM) integrity in 81 individuals with either a high density of AD in their families (N=44) or without a family history for either alcohol or drug dependence (N=37).

Enhancing response inhibition by incentive: comparison of adolescents with and without substance use disorder.

Effective response inhibition is a key component of recovery from addiction. Some research suggests that response inhibition can be enhanced through reward contingencies. We examined the effect of monetary incentive on response inhibition among adolescents with and without substance use disorder (SUD) using a fast event-related fMRI antisaccade reward task.

Right orbitofrontal corticolimbic and left corticocortical white matter connectivity differentiate bipolar and unipolar depression.

Objectives: The absence of pathophysiologically relevant diagnostic markers of bipolar disorder (BD) leads to its frequent misdiagnosis as unipolar depression (UD). We aimed to determine whether whole brain white matter connectivity differentiated BD from UD depression.

Methods: We employed a three-way analysis of covariance, covarying for age, to examine whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA), and corresponding longitudinal and radial diffusivity, in currently depressed adults: 15 with BD-type I (mean age 36.

Gender differences in the relationship between white matter organization and adolescent substance use disorders.

Few studies have focused on the neurobiological correlates of adolescent-onset substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly with respect to white matter development and organization. This study investigated microstructural white matter characteristics associated with SUDs during the adolescent developmental period. Twenty-four case adolescents (ages 14-18) entering treatment for SUDs and 12 sex- and age-matched control adolescents with no psychopathology were compared.

Development of working memory maintenance.

The neural circuitry supporting mature visual spatial working memory (VSWM) has been well delineated in nonhuman primates and in human adults. However, we still have limited understanding about developmental change through adolescence in this network. We present results from a fast event-related functional MRI (fMRI) study aimed at characterizing developmental changes in brain mechanisms supporting VSWM across different delay periods.